Mahawira, I Made Natha (2026) Studi Pembuatan Nanokristal Selulosa dari Serbuk Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) Menggunakan Metode Hidrolisis Asam Padat (Amberlite-IRC-120). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Nanokristal selulosa (NCC) merupakan polimer linear turunan selulosa berukuran nano yang diperoleh melalui proses hidrolisis. Secara umum, NCC memiliki modulus elastisitas tinggi pada arah aksial rantai selulosa dan sifat mekanik anisotropik. Salah satu sumber biomassa yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku NCC adalah serbuk kayu jati (Tectona grandis). Proses sintesis NCC umumnya menggunakan asam mineral kuat seperti asam sulfat dan asam klorida yang bersifat korosif serta menghasilkan limbah berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis NCC dari serbuk kayu jati dengan metode hidrolisis asam padat menggunakan Amberlite IRC-120, yaitu resin penukar ion dengan gugus sulfonat (-SO3H) sebagai situs aktif yang mampu melepaskan ion H+ untuk pemutusan ikatan glikosidik pada selulosa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penggilingan dan pengayakan dengan mesh 240, delignifikasi untuk menghilangkan komponen non selulosa, hidrolisis menggunakan Amberlite IRC-120 dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jumlah situs asam terhadap efektivitas hidrolisis terhadap karakterisasi NCC yang dihasilkan. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi persentase yield proses sintesis NCC berdasarkan perbandingan massa produk setelah proses dan sebelum proses sintesis NCC, gugus fungsi khas selulosa menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), indeks kristalinitas serta ukuran kristalit menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), keberadaan unsur anorganik menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), distribusi ukuran partikel menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), dan morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi utama selulosa tetap dipertahankan setelah proses sintesis NCC. XRD mengidentifikasi puncak cellulose I pada 2θ sekitar 15-16° dan 22-23°. Metode Segal menunjukkan CrI meningkat dari 74,21% menjadi 75,29% seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasi katalis, sedangkan peak deconvolution menghasilkan CrI tertinggi pada NCC-1M sebesar 65,34%. Ukuran kristalit meningkat dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi Amberlite IRC-120. NCC-1M memiliki distribusi ukuran partikel paling kecil berdasarkan pengujian PSA. XRF tidak mendeteksi residu sulfur setelah proses hidrolisis. Hasil SEM menunjukkan terbentuknya aglomerat setelah pengeringan dengan metode oven drying. Penelitian ini memberikan data awal untuk menunjukkan potensi serbuk kayu jati sebagai bahan baku NCC melalui metode hidrolisis dengan katalis Amberlite IRC-120.
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Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is a nanoscale linear polymer derived from cellulose through a hydrolysis process. In general, NCC exhibits a high elastic modulus along the axial direction of cellulose chains and anisotropic mechanical properties. Teak wood sawdust (Tectona grandis) is one potential biomass source for NCC production. Conventional NCC synthesis generally uses strong mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, which are corrosive and generate hazardous waste. Therefore, a more environmentally friendly alternative method is required. This study aimed to synthesize NCC from teak wood sawdust through solid acid hydrolysis using Amberlite IRC-120, an ion-exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups (–SO₃H) as active sites capable of releasing H⁺ ions to cleave glycosidic bonds in cellulose. The research stages included grinding and sieving through a 240-mesh sieve, delignification to remove non-cellulosic components, and hydrolysis using Amberlite IRC-120 at different catalyst concentrations to evaluate the effect of the number of acid sites on hydrolysis effectiveness and the characteristics of the resulting NCC. The analyzed parameters included the percentage yield of the NCC synthesis process, determined from the ratio of product mass after processing to the initial material mass; characteristic cellulose functional groups identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); crystallinity index and crystallite size determined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); the presence of inorganic elements analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF); particle size distribution measured using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA); and surface morphology observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR results showed that the main functional groups of cellulose were retained after the NCC synthesis process. XRD identified characteristic cellulose I peaks at 2θ values of approximately 15–16° and 22–23°. The Segal method showed that the crystallinity index increased from 74.21% to 75.29% with increasing catalyst concentration, whereas peak deconvolution produced the highest crystallinity index of 65.34% for NCC-1M. The crystallite size increased with increasing Amberlite IRC-120 concentration. Based on PSA analysis, NCC-1M exhibited the smallest particle size distribution. XRF did not detect sulfur residues after hydrolysis. SEM analysis showed the formation of agglomerates after oven drying. This study provides preliminary data demonstrating the potential of teak wood sawdust as a raw material for NCC production through hydrolysis using Amberlite IRC-120 as a catalyst.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Nanokristal Selulosa (NCC), Serbuk Kayu Jati, Hidrolisis Asam Padat, Amberlite IRC-120 Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), Teak Wood Powder, Solid Acid Hydrolysis, Amberlite IRC-120 |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | I Made Natha Mahawira |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 07:21 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 07:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143320 |
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