Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Temperatur Dan Level Pada Proses Distilasi Mini Plant Produksi Bioetanol Dari Nira Aren

Pangestu, Vallen Pangestu (2026) Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Temperatur Dan Level Pada Proses Distilasi Mini Plant Produksi Bioetanol Dari Nira Aren. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Produksi bioetanol dari nira aren membutuhkan pengendalian set point dan level cairan yang presisi untuk memastikan proses distilasi berjalan efisien dan aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem yang diintegrasikan menggunakan mikrokontroler Mega 2560 Pro, sensor RTD PT100, transmitter MAX31865, serta sensor float switch. Performa sensor diuji melalui proses validasi, dimana akurasi pembacaan sensor RTD PT 100 sangat tinggi yaitu 98.1%, dan rata rata error hanya 1,9%. Sedangkan sensor Float Switch menunjukkan respon yang konsisten dimana tegangan yang dikeluarkan oleh float switch sebesar 0-4.9 volt. Parameter dinamis plant diidentifikasi melalui pemodelan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) yang dituning menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols. Berdasarkan pengujian respons dinamik pada set point 85°C, kontroler Proportional-Integral (PI) terbukti mampu mempertahankan temperatur dengan kinerja yang baik dengan maximum overshoot 3,60%, settling time 3424 detik dan error steady state 0,17%. Sementara itu, kontrol level On/Off mampu menjaga kestabilan cairan hold-up pada batas set point 5 cm secara konsisten. Hasil optimum dicapai pada set point 95°C yang memproduksi 70 ml bioetanol dengan kadar kemurnian mencapai 41,17% (v/v) berdasarkan uji Gas Chromatography. Sistem kontrol yang dirancang berhasil meningkatkan kadar etanol sebesar 36,29%(v/v) dari konsentrasi awal fermentasi nira aren sebesar 4,88%(v/v).
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Bioethanol production from arenga palm sap requires precise temperature and liquid level control to ensure that the distillation process runs efficiently and safely. This research aims to design and develop an integrated system utilizing a Mega 2560 Pro microcontroller, an RTD PT100 sensor, a MAX31865 transmitter, and a float switch sensor. Sensor performance was tested through a validation process, where the reading accuracy of the RTD PT100 sensor was very high at 98.1%, with an average error of only 1.9%. Meanwhile, the float switch sensor demonstrated a consistent response, with an output voltage ranging from 0 to 4.9 volts. The plant's dynamic parameters are identified through First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) modeling and tuned using the Ziegler-Nichols method. Based on dynamic response testing at an 85°C set point, the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is proven capable of maintaining the temperature with good performance, yielding a maximum overshoot of 3.60%, a settling time of 3,424 seconds, and a steady-state error of 0.17%. Meanwhile, the On/Off level control consistently maintains the stability of the hold-up liquid within the 5 cm set point limit. The optimum result is achieved at a 95°C set point, producing 70 ml of bioethanol with a purity concentration reaching 41.17% (v/v) based on the Gas Chromatography test. The designed control system successfully increases the ethanol content by 36.29% (v/v) from the initial arenga palm sap fermentation concentration of 4.88% (v/v).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Mega 2560 Pro, Distilasi, Float Switch, Kontrol PI, RTD PT100, Mega 2560 Pro, Distillation, Float Switch, PI Control, RTD PT100.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ1480 Agricultural machinery. Farm machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223 PID controllers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	Vallen Pangestu
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 08:01
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 08:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143373

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