Wijaya, Pramudya Tedy (2026) Pengaruh Komposisi Polylactic Acid/Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Nanocrystalline Cellulose terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Shape Memory untuk 4D Printing Menggunakan Metode FDM. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi 4D printing memungkinkan objek hasil pencetakan tidak hanya memiliki bentuk tiga dimensi, tetapi juga mampu berubah bentuk sebagai respons terhadap stimulus tertentu. Salah satu material yang banyak dikembangkan untuk aplikasi tersebut adalah komposit berbasis Polylactic Acid (PLA) dan Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) sebagai bahan penguat untuk meningkatkan performa material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi PLA/TPU dan penambahan 1 wt% NCC terhadap sifat mekanik filamen hasil ekstrusi serta kemampuan shape memory polymer untuk aplikasi 4D printing. Filamen dibuat melalui proses ekstrusi dengan variasi komposisi PLA80/TPU20, PLA70/TPU30, dan PLA60/TPU40. Filamen hasil ekstrusi dikarakterisasi melalui pengukuran diameter, FTIR, XRD, dan uji tarik. Filamen dicetak menggunakan metode Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) dan dilakukan pengujian dimensional stability, densitas, shape memory, dan uji siklik. Setelah dilakukan karakterisasi dan pengujian shape memory serta uji siklik, diperoleh komposisi optimum yang nantinya ditambahkan dengan 1 wt% NCC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh komposisi berhasil menghasilkan filamen dengan diameter yang relatif seragam dan mampu dicetak menggunakan metode FDM. Analisis FTIR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa pencampuran PLA dan TPU berlangsung secara physical blending tanpa terbentuk gugus fungsi maupun fase kristal baru. Peningkatan kandungan PLA meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan modulus elastisitas, sedangkan peningkatan kandungan TPU meningkatkan fleksibilitas material. Penambahan 1 wt% NCC menghasilkan densitas tertinggi sebesar 1,23 g/cm³ serta meningkatkan kemampuan shape memory, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai shape fixation ratio (Rf) sebesar 98,52% dan shape recovery ratio (Rr) sebesar 97,74%, serta memberikan performa yang lebih stabil selama lima siklus pengujian dibandingkan komposisi tanpa NCC. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, komposisi PLA70/TPU30-NCC menunjukkan performa paling baik sebagai material filamen untuk aplikasi 4D printing
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Advances in 4D printing technology allow printed objects not only to have a three-dimensional shape but also to change shape in response to specific stimuli. One material that has been extensively developed for such applications is a composite based on Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), which can be combined with Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) as a reinforcing agent to enhance the material’s performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in PLA/TPU composition and the addition of 1 wt% NCC on the mechanical properties of the extruded filaments as well as the shape memory capabilities of the polymer for 4D printing applications. The filaments were produced via an extrusion process with composition variations of PLA80/TPU20, PLA70/TPU30, and PLA60/TPU40. The extruded filaments were characterized through diameter measurements, FTIR, XRD, and tensile testing. The filaments were printed using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method and tested for dimensional stability, density, shape memory, and cyclic testing. Following characterization and testing of shape memory and cyclic performance, an optimal composition was identified, to which 1 wt% NCC was subsequently added. The results showed that all formulations successfully produced filaments with relatively uniform diameters that could be printed using the FDM method. FTIR and XRD analyses indicated that the blending of PLA and TPU occurred via physical blending without the formation of new functional groups or crystalline phases. Increasing the PLA content enhanced tensile strength and elastic modulus, while increasing the TPU content improved the material’s flexibility. The addition of 1 wt% NCC resulted in the highest density of 1.23 g/cm³ and improved shape memory capability, as evidenced by a shape fixation ratio of 98.52% and a shape recovery ratio of 97.74%, while also providing more stable performance over five test cycles compared to compositions without NCC. Based on these results, the PLA70/TPU30-NCC composition demonstrated the best performance as a filament material for 4D printing applications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Polylactic Acid, Thermoplastic Polyurethane, 4D Printing, Shape Memory |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Pramudya Tedy Wijaya |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 08:54 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 08:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143422 |
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