Sintesis dan Karakterisasi N-doped Activated Carbon dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit melalui Metode Hidrotermal

Pinasti, Sekar (2026) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi N-doped Activated Carbon dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit melalui Metode Hidrotermal. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Material N-doped activated carbon (NAC) disintesis dari pelepah kelapa sawit sebagai sumber karbon dan melamin sebagai sumber nitrogen melalui metode hidrotermal dengan aktivasi kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis dan mengkarakterisasi NAC dengan variasi aktivator H2SO4, NaOH, dan KOH, serta activated carbon (AC) tanpa doping nitrogen dengan aktivator KOH sebagai pembanding. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan pita serapan gugus mengandung nitrogen pada 1586-1745 cm-1 (C=O/C=N) dan 1382-1386 cm-1 (C-O/C-N), dengan intensitas paling jelas pada NAC NaOH dan NAC KOH. Hasil XRD memperlihatkan bahwa NAC NaOH dan NAC KOH memiliki puncak bidang (002) yang lebih melebar dan kurang intens dibandingkan NAC H2SO4, menandakan struktur karbon yang lebih amorf. Analisis PSA menunjukkan NAC NaOH memberikan hasil terbaik dengan puncak distribusi ukuran partikel 164,90 nm, Z-average 1039 nm, dan polydispersity index 0,75, sementara NAC KOH juga menunjukkan distribusi yang relatif seragam dibandingkan NAC H2SO4 dan AC KOH. SEM-EDX memperlihatkan NAC KOH berbentuk serpihan memanjang dengan kandungan nitrogen 5%, sedangkan AC KOH berbentuk bongkahan lebih pendek tanpa kandungan nitrogen. Adsorpsi-desorpsi N2 menunjukkan isoterm gabungan tipe I dan IV untuk NAC KOH dan AC KOH, mengindikasikan adanya mikropori dan mesopori. Luas permukaan (SBET) NAC KOH sebesar 919,217 m2/g dan volume pori totalnya sebesar 1,074 cm3/g, keduanya lebih tinggi dibandingkan AC KOH yang memiliki luas permukaan (SBET) sebesar 762,987 m2/g dan volume pori total sebesar 0,944 cm3/g. Berdasarkan seluruh hasil karakterisasi, NAC NaOH dan NAC KOH merupakan material yang paling berpotensi sebagai penyangga katalis ORR pada DMFC, meskipun karakterisasi lanjutan seperti XPS, uji elektrokimia, pengulangan PSA, serta SEM-EDX dan adsorpsi-desorpsi N2 untuk NAC NaOH masih diperlukan.
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N-doped activated carbon (NAC) was synthesized from oil palm fronds as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source via a hydrothermal method combined with chemical activation. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize NAC using three chemical activators, namely H2SO4, NaOH, and KOH, with nitrogen-free activated carbon (AC) activated with KOH prepared as a comparison material. FTIR characterization revealed absorption bands corresponding to nitrogen-containing functional groups at 1586-1745 cm-1 (C=O/C=N) and 1382-1386 cm-1 (C-O/C-N), with the clearest intensities observed for NAC NaOH and NAC KOH. XRD results showed that NAC NaOH and NAC KOH exhibited broader and less intense (002) diffraction peaks compared to NAC H2SO4, indicating a more amorphous carbon structure. PSA analysis showed that NAC NaOH gave the best result, with a peak particle size of 164.90 nm, a Z-average of 1039 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.75, while NAC KOH also showed a relatively uniform distribution compared to NAC H2SO4 and AC KOH. SEM-EDX showed that NAC KOH exhibited an elongated flake-like morphology with a nitrogen content of 5%, whereas AC KOH exhibited a shorter block-like morphology without any detectable nitrogen content. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis showed combined type I and IV isotherms for NAC KOH and AC KOH, indicating the presence of both micropores and mesopores. The specific surface area (SBET) of NAC KOH was 919.217 m2/g with a total pore volume of 1.074 cm3/g, both of which were higher than those of AC KOH, which had a specific surface area (SBET) of 762.987 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.944 cm3/g. Based on the overall characterization results, NAC NaOH and NAC KOH were the materials with the greatest potential as catalyst support materials for ORR in DMFC, although further characterization such as XPS, electrochemical testing, repeated PSA measurements, and additional SEM-EDX and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses for NAC NaOH are still required.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	N-doped activated carbon, pelepah kelapa sawit, hidrotermal, DMFC, ORR, N-doped activated carbon, oil palm fronds, hydrothermal, DMFC, ORR.
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sekar Pinasti
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 06:45
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 06:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143449

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