Maulana, Mufti Wendi (2026) Optimasi Formulasi Nanoemulsi Pinostrobin dari Rimpang Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia Rotunda) untuk Potensi Penghantaran Parenteral: Karakterisasi Fisikokimia dan Uji Stabilitas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pinostrobin merupakan flavanon utama dari rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda) yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan antikanker. Namun, sifat lipofilik dan kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air membatasi pengembangan sediaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi nanoemulsi oil-in-water (O/W) pinostrobin sebagai kandidat sistem penghantaran parenteral serta mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimia dan stabilitas awalnya. Formulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) dari kelapa, polisorbat 80, polietilen glikol 400 (PEG 400), dan larutan natrium klorida (NaCl) 0,9%. Seleksi awal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan rasio campuran surfaktan dan kosurfaktan (Smix) 1:1-5:1 serta rasio minyak:Smix 1:9, 2:8, dan 3:7. Formula terpilih, yaitu minyak:Smix 2:8 dengan Smix 2:1 dan 3:1, digunakan untuk memformulasikan pinostrobin pada konsentrasi 50, 250, dan 1000 µM. Kemurnian isolat dikonfirmasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan tiga sistem fase gerak yang menghasilkan nilai faktor retensi (Rf) sebesar 0,12; 0,52; dan 0,93, serta KLT dua dimensi yang menunjukkan satu noda. Hasil formulasi menghasilkan transmitansi 88,43-94,77%, ukuran partikel 40,80-106,03 nm, indeks polidispersitas (PDI) 0,0704-0,2456, potensial zeta –2,089 hingga –5,405 mV, pH 7,00-7,45, dan viskositas 1,434-1,465 cP. Seluruh formula stabil pada uji sentrifugasi, pengenceran, dan enam siklus beku-cair tanpa pemisahan fase. Perolehan kembali kadar obat sebesar 49,3-97,2%, sedangkan efisiensi penjerapan tertinggi diperoleh pada formula 250 µM Smix 3:1 sebesar 96,7%. Formula tersebut dipilih sebagai formula optimal karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara penjerapan obat dan stabilitas fisik. Nanoemulsi pinostrobin berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sistem penghantaran parenteral berbasis bahan alam.
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Pinostrobin is a major flavanone isolated from the rhizome of Boesenbergia rotunda and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, its lipophilic nature and poor aqueous solubility limit its formulation development. This study aimed to optimize a pinostrobin oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion as a potential parenteral drug delivery system and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and preliminary stability. The formulations were prepared using coconut-derived medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, polysorbate 80, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), and 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Preliminary screening was conducted by varying the surfactant-cosurfactant mixture (Smix) ratios from 1:1 to 5:1 and the oil-to-Smix ratios of 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7. The selected formulations, consisting of an oil-to-Smix ratio of 2:8 with Smix ratios of 2:1 and 3:1, were used to formulate pinostrobin at concentrations of 50, 250, and 1000 µM. The purity of the isolate was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with three mobile-phase systems, producing retention factor (Rf) values of 0.12, 0.52, and 0.93, as well as two-dimensional TLC, which showed a single spot. The resulting formulations exhibited transmittance values of 88.43-94.77%, particle sizes of 40.80-106.03 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) values of 0.0704-0.2456, zeta potentials ranging from −2.089 to −5.405 mV, pH values of 7.00-7.45, and viscosities of 1.434-1.465 cP. All formulations remained physically stable during centrifugation, dilution, and six freeze–thaw cycles without phase separation. Drug recovery ranged from 49.3% to 97.2%, while the highest entrapment efficiency of 96.7% was obtained in the 250 µM formulation with a Smix ratio of 3:1. This formulation was selected as the optimal formulation because it provided the best balance between drug entrapment and physical stability. These findings indicate that pinostrobin nanoemulsions have promising potential for further development as a natural product-based parenteral drug delivery system.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Boesenbergia rotunda, nanoemulsi, parenteral, pinostrobin, Smix, Boesenbergia rotunda, nanoemulsion, parenteral, pinostrobin, Smix |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mufti Wendi Maulana |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 10:21 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 10:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143530 |
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