Pampang, Farhan Hidayat Syam A. (2026) Studi Pembuatan Nanokristal Selulosa Dari Tanaman Curtain Creeper (Vernonia Elaeagnifolia) Menggunakan Metode Hidrolisis Asam Organik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tanaman Curtain creeper (Vernonia elaeagnifolia) merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber alternatif selulosa, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku sintesis nanokristal selulosa (Nanocrystalline Cellulose / NCC) masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi tanaman Curtain creeper sebagai bahan baku sintesis NCC serta menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan asam sitrat, asam laktat, dan asam maleat terhadap karakteristik NCC yang dihasilkan. Proses sintesis meliputi preparasi bahan baku, delignifikasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 2,5%, bleaching menggunakan NaClO 2%, dan hidrolisis menggunakan asam sitrat, asam laktat, serta asam maleat dengan konsentrasi 6 M. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), serta dilakukan perhitungan yield untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi proses sintesis. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi berhasil menghilangkan Sebagian besar lignin dan hemiselulosa tanpa mengubah gugus fungsi utama selulosa. Analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel hasil hidrolisis mempertahankan struktur kristalin khas selulosa I dengan peningkatan indeks kristalinitas dari 71,82% pada sampel hasil bleaching menjadi 73,68% pada NCC CA, 75,25% pada NCC LA, dan 75,03% pada NCC MA. Hasil PSA menunjukkan nilai diameter median Di50 sebesar 146,1 nm pada NCC CA, 284,5 nm pada NCC LA, dan 186,2 nm pada NCC MA. Pengamatan SEM memperlihatkan morfologi berupa aglomerat dengan struktur memanjang menyerupai serat pada seluruh sampel NCC. Perhitungan yield menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan asam laktat menghasilkan efisiensi sintesis tertinggi dibandingkan penggunaan asam sitrat maupun asam maleat. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil karakterisasi, tanaman Curtain creeper berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku alternatif sintesis nanokristal selulosa menggunakan metode hidrolisis asam organik. Penggunaan jenis asam organik memengaruhi karakteristik nanokristal selulosa yang dihasilkan, dengan asam sitrat menghasilkan ukuran partikel paling kecil, sedangkan asam laktat menghasilkan indeks kristalinitas tertinggi dan efisiensi sintesis tertinggi.
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Curtain creeper (Vernonia elaeagnifolia) is a lignocellulosic biomass with potential as an alternative cellulose source; however, its utilization as a feedstock for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) production has received limited attention. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Curtain creeper as a raw material for NCC synthesis and to investigate the effects of citric acid, lactic acid, and maleic acid on the characteristics of the resulting NCC. The synthesis process consisted of raw material preparation, delignification using 2.5% NaOH, bleaching with 2% NaClO, and hydrolysis using 6 M citric acid, lactic acid, and maleic acid. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Yield analysis was also performed to evaluate the synthesis efficiency. FTIR analysis confirmed that the delignification process effectively removed most lignin and hemicellulose while preserving the primary functional groups of cellulose. XRD analysis showed that all hydrolyzed samples retained the characteristic cellulose I crystalline structure, with the crystallinity index increasing from 71.82% for the bleached cellulose to 73.68%, 75.25%, and 75.03% for NCC produced using citric, lactic, and maleic acids, respectively. PSA analysis revealed median particle sizes Di50 of 146.1 nm, 284.5 nm, and 186.2 nm for NCC produced using citric, lactic, and maleic acids, respectively, indicating that the type of organic acid influenced the particle size distribution. SEM observations revealed agglomerated particles with elongated fiber-like structures in all NCC samples. Yield analysis demonstrated that lactic acid provided the highest synthesis efficiency among the three organic acids. Overall, the results demonstrate that Curtain creeper is a promising alternative biomass for nanocrystalline cellulose production through organic acid hydrolysis. The type of organic acid significantly affected the characteristics of the synthesized NCC, with citric acid producing the smallest particle size, whereas lactic acid resulted in the highest crystallinity index and the highest synthesis efficiency.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | nanokristal selulosa, Curtain creeper, hidrolisis asam, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Curtain creeper, Acid Hydrolysis |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Farhan Hidayat Syam A. Pampang |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 09:21 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 09:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143614 |
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