Yulihantoro, Azizs (2026) Kajian Potensi Pengaruh Karakteristik Biodiesel B40 terhadap Sistem Pelumasan dan Komponen Kritis Mesin Diesel Kapal. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Implementasi bahan bakar biodiesel B40 sebagai bagian dari kebijakan transisi energi nasional menuntut evaluasi teknis yang komprehensif pada sektor maritim, khususnya terhadap sistem pelumasan dan komponen kritis mesin diesel yang beroperasi secara kontinu. Karakteristik biodiesel B40 yang berbeda dari solar fosil kandungan FAME yang lebih tinggi, sifat higroskopis, dan stabilitas oksidasi yang lebih rendah berpotensi memengaruhi proses pembakaran dan lingkungan kerja pelumas, sehingga berimplikasi terhadap komponen kritis seperti ring piston dan cylinder liner.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi pengaruh karakteristik biodiesel B40 terhadap sistem pelumasan dan komponen kritis mesin diesel melalui pendekatan kajian karakteristik bahan bakar (fuel characteristic assessment), bukan melalui pembuktian keausan aktual. Data utama penelitian adalah hasil uji karakteristik bahan bakar B40 yang diuji berdasarkan standar ASTM dan terakreditasi KAN, didukung data uji endurance 200 jam dan uji emisi pada mesin diesel marine Yanmar TF85MHDI sebagai indikator perilaku pembakaran. Karakteristik fisikokimia yang dianalisis meliputi viskositas, densitas, kandungan air, bilangan asam, kandungan sulfur, cetane index, flash point, dan karakteristik distilasi, yang selanjutnya ditelaah keterkaitannya dengan mekanisme tribologi dan lubrication engineering.
Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa bahan bakar B40 memenuhi seluruh parameter spesifikasi yang berlaku, dengan karakteristik kunci berupa viskositas kinematik 4,185 mm²/s, bilangan asam 0,20 mg KOH/g, kandungan air 220 mg/kg, dan flash point 82°C, serta karakteristik yang menguntungkan berupa kandungan sulfur rendah (0,096%), Conradson Carbon Residue 0,00%, dan ash content 0,00%. Viskositas yang lebih tinggi serta kandungan air dan asam organik berpotensi memengaruhi kualitas atomisasi, mendorong pembentukan deposit dan soot, mempercepat konsumsi aditif pelumas, serta meningkatkan risiko korosi basah pada cylinder liner. Sebaliknya, profil sulfur, CCR, dan ash yang rendah berpotensi menekan pembentukan asam sulfat dan deposit karbon pada sistem pelumasan. Data endurance menunjukkan performa mesin yang stabil selama 200 jam, sedangkan data emisi mengindikasikan bahwa pemanasan bahan bakar memperbaiki kualitas pembakaran. Berdasarkan kajian ini, disusun rekomendasi mitigasi berupa penerapan pemanasan bahan bakar, pemilihan spesifikasi pelumas dengan kapasitas netralisasi dan dispersi yang memadai, serta pemantauan kondisi operasional untuk menjaga komponen kritis pada operasi B40.
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The implementation of B40 biodiesel fuel as part of the national energy transition policy requires a comprehensive technical evaluation in the maritime sector, particularly regarding the lubrication system and the reliability of critical components of diesel engines operating continuously. The characteristics of B40 biodiesel differ from fossil diesel higher FAME content, hygroscopic nature, and lower oxidation stability which potentially affect the combustion process and the lubricant working environment, thereby having implications for the reliability of critical components such as piston rings and cylinder liners. This research aims to study the potential influence of B40 biodiesel characteristics on the lubrication system and the reliability of critical diesel-engine components through a fuel characteristic assessment approach, rather than through proving actual wear. The primary data is the result of B40 fuel characterization tested according to ASTM standards and accredited by KAN, supported by 200-hour endurance test data and emission test data on a Yanmar TF85MHDI marine diesel engine as an indicator of combustion behaviour. The physicochemical characteristics analysed include viscosity, density, water content, acid number, sulfur content, cetane index, flash point, and distillation characteristics, which are then examined in relation to tribology and lubrication-engineering mechanisms. The results show that B40 fuel meets all applicable specification parameters, with key characteristics of kinematic viscosity of 4.185 mm²/s, acid number of 0.20 mg KOH/g, water content of 220 mg/kg, and flash point of 82°C, as well as favourable characteristics of low sulfur content (0.096%), Conradson Carbon Residue of 0.00%, and ash content of 0.00%. The higher viscosity together with the water and organic-acid content may potentially affect atomization quality, promote deposit and soot formation, accelerate the consumption of lubricant additives, and increase the risk of wet corrosion on the cylinder liner. Conversely, the low sulfur, CCR, and ash profile may potentially suppress sulfuric-acid and carbon-deposit formation in the lubrication system. The endurance data show stable engine performance over 200 hours, while the emission data indicate that fuel preheating improves combustion quality. Based on this study, mitigation recommendations are proposed, namely fuel preheating, selection of lubricant specifications with adequate neutralization and dispersion capacity, and monitoring of operating conditions to maintain the reliability of critical components during B40 operation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel B40, Karakteristik Bahan Bakar, Sistem Pelumasan, Komponen Kritis, Mesin Diesel Kapal, Tribologi, B40 biodiesel, fuel characteristics, lubrication system, critical component reliability, marine diesel engine, tribology |
| Subjects: | V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | Azizs Yulihantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 02:00 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 02:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143706 |
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