Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Katalis Cu-Ce pada Hydrochar Sekam Padi-Red Mud untuk Produksi Biofuel Melalui Reaksi Pirolisis Minyak Kelapa Bekas

Rahmania, Sari (2026) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Katalis Cu-Ce pada Hydrochar Sekam Padi-Red Mud untuk Produksi Biofuel Melalui Reaksi Pirolisis Minyak Kelapa Bekas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil berdampak terhadap lingkungan sehingga mendorong pengembangan biofuel berbasis limbah sebagai sumber energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan. Minyak kelapa bekas merupakan limbah yang berpotensi dikonversi menjadi biofuel melalui reaksi pirolisis, sedangkan sekam padi dan red mud dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material katalis berbasis karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis serta mengkarakterisasi katalis hydrochar berbasis sekam padi yang ditambahkan dengan red mud serta logam Cu-Ce, serta mengevaluasi aktivitas katalitiknya pada produksi biofuel melalui reaksi pirolisis minyak kelapa bekas. Katalis hydrochar sekam padi (RHHC) dan hydrochar sekam padi-red mud (RMRHHC) disintesis menggunakan metode Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC), sedangkan katalis Cu-Ce/RMRHHC disiapkan melalui metode deposisi-presipitasi yang dilanjutkan dengan proses HTC. Karakterisasi dilakukan adsorpsi-desorpsi N₂, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), dan Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX). Aktivitas katalitik diuji melalui reaksi pirolisis pada suhu 360 °C selama 2 jam dengan aliran N2 menggunakan 10 g minyak kelapa bekas dan 0,2 g katalis dan hasil akan diuji menggunakan menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan red mud meningkatkan luas permukaan spesifik menjadi 217,719 m²/g, sedangkan modifikasi logam Cu-Ce menghasilkan fase CuO dan CeO₂ serta perubahan morfologi menjadi lebih kasar dan berpori. Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa katalis RMRHHC dan Cu-Ce/RMRHHC menghasilkan kandungan hidrokarbon masing-masing sebesar 40,64% dan 45,30%, dengan hidrokarbon pada rentang jet fuel (C8–C16) sebesar 39,65% dan 43,90%. Analisis FTIR produk cair mengonfirmasi hilangnya gugus ester (CO-OR), yang menunjukkan berlangsungnya reaksi pirolisis dan penurunan senyawa beroksigen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis Cu-Ce/RMRHHC memiliki potensi terbaik untuk menghasilkan biofuel dari minyak kelapa bekas.
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The increasing need for energy and the use of fossil fuels have an impact on the environment, thus encouraging the development of waste-based biofuels as a sustainable renewable energy source. Used coconut oil is a waste that has the potential to be converted into biofuel through pyrolysis reactions, while rice husks and red mud can be used as carbon-based catalyst materials. This study aims to synthesize and study the characteristics of rice husk-based hydrochar catalysts modified with red mud and Cu-Ce metal, and evaluate their catalytic activity in biofuel production through the pyrolysis reaction of used coconut oil. Rice husk hydrochar (RHHC) and rice husk-red mud hydrochar (RMRHHC) catalysts were synthesized using the Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) method, while the Cu-Ce/RMRHHC catalyst was prepared through the deposition-precipitation method followed by the HTC process. Characterization was carried out using N₂ adsorption-desorption, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX). The catalytic activity was tested through a pyrolysis reaction at 360 °C for 2 hours with N2 flow using 10 g of used coconut oil and 0.2 g of catalyst and the liquid would be characterized using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that the addition of red mud increased the specific surface area to 217.719 m²/g, while the modification of Cu-Ce metal produced CuO and CeO₂ phases and morphological changes to become rougher and more porous. GC-MS results showed that the RMRHHC and Cu-Ce/RMRHHC catalysts produced hydrocarbon contents of 40.64% and 45.30%, respectively, with hydrocarbons in the jet fuel range (C8–C16) of 39.65% and 43.90%. FTIR analysis of the liquid product confirmed the loss of ester groups (CO-OR), indicating the pyrolysis reaction and the reduction of oxygenated compounds. The results showed that the Cu-Ce/RMRHHC catalyst has the best potential for producing biofuel from used coconut oil.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biofuel, hydrochar, pirolisis, red mud, sekam padi biofuel, hydrochar, pyrolysis, red mud, rice husk.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sari Rahmania
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 01:08
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 01:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143709

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