Pengaruh Metode Pemuatan Nikel dan Atmosfer Kalsinasi Terhadap Kinerja Katalis Al2O3 dalam Pirolisis Minyak Goreng Bekas untuk Produksi Bahan Bakar Hayati

Pratiwi, Tria Marga (2026) Pengaruh Metode Pemuatan Nikel dan Atmosfer Kalsinasi Terhadap Kinerja Katalis Al2O3 dalam Pirolisis Minyak Goreng Bekas untuk Produksi Bahan Bakar Hayati. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Alumina disintesis dengan ekstrak lerak (Sapundus rarak) sebagai templat alami dengan metode sol-gel. Pemuatan logam Ni 5% dilakukan dengan metode one-pot sol-gel dan impregnasi. Padatan hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Adsorpsi-desropsi N2, dan Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX). Perbedaan metode pemuatan logam berpengaruh terhadap distribusi logam nikel, dimana metode one-pot sol-gel menunjukkan distribusi yang lebih merata. Perbedaan atmosfer kalsinasi berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan fase nikel, sifat tekstural katalis, dan aktivitas katalitik dalam pirolisis minyak goreng bekas. Kalsinasi udara menghasilkan fase NiO berdasarkan hasil XRD pada 2θ = 37,26; 43,29; dan 62,98° sedangkan kalsinasi nitrogen menghasilkan katalis karbon-alumina dengan fase aktif Ni0 pada 2θ = 44,50; 51,86; dan 76,39°. Katalis berbasis karbon-alumina memiliki luas permukaan dan diameter pori yang lebih rendah dari pada alumina, namun menunjukkan peningkatan pembentukan mikropori. Keberadaan fase Ni⁰ meningkatkan aktivitas katalitik sehingga menghasilkan konversi, yield produk liquid dan yield hidrokarbon yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan katalis berbasis alumina berdasarkan hasil analisis Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Selain itu, metode impregnasi memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan one-pot sol-gel. Katalis NiCA-IM merupakan katalis terbaik dengan konversi sebesar 87,38%, yield produk liquid sebesar 58,72% dengan 57,99%nya berupa hidrokarbon.
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Alumina was synthesized using Sapindus rarak extract as a natural template via the sol–gel method. A 5 wt% Ni loading was introduced using one-pot sol–gel and impregnation methods. The synthesized solids were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM–EDX). The Ni loading method significantly affected the distribution of nickel species, with the one-pot sol–gel method providing a more uniform metal dispersion. Meanwhile, the calcination atmosphere influenced the nickel phase formation, textural properties, and catalytic performance during waste cooking oil pyrolysis. Air calcination produced the NiO phase, as confirmed by XRD peaks at 2θ = 37.26°, 43.29°, and 62.98°, whereas nitrogen calcination generated a carbon–alumina catalyst containing the active metallic Ni⁰ phase, with characteristic diffraction peaks at 2θ = 44.50°, 51.86°, and 76.39°. The carbon–alumina catalyst exhibited a lower specific surface area and pore diameter than the alumina catalyst but showed enhanced micropore development. The presence of the metallic Ni⁰ phase improved catalytic activity, resulting in higher conversion, liquid product yield, and hydrocarbon yield than the alumina-based catalyst, as determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Furthermore, the impregnation method demonstrated superior catalytic performance compared with the one-pot sol–gel method. Among all catalysts, NiCA-IM exhibited the best performance, achieving a conversion of 87.38%, a liquid product yield of 58.72%, of which 57.99% consisted of hydrocarbons.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alumina, Karbon, Nikel, Pirolisis, Sol-gel. Alumina, Carbon, Nickel, Pyrolysis, Sol–gel.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tria Marga Pratiwi
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 01:06
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 01:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143710

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