Pemilihan Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Energi Terbarukan pada Program Listrik Perdesaan dengan Pendekatan Multi Kriteria

Siallagan, Harisma Citra (2026) Pemilihan Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Energi Terbarukan pada Program Listrik Perdesaan dengan Pendekatan Multi Kriteria. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dalam pembangunan listrik perdesaan, terdapat beberapa desa yang jauh dari jaringan eksisting sehingga perlu dibangun pembangkit baru salah satunya perdesaan di wilayah Kabupaten Sigi dan Kabupaten Banggai. Pada tahap awal perencanaan program pembangunan listrik perdesaan perlu dilakukan survey untuk menentukan jenis pembangkit yang akan dibangun sebelum melakukan feasibility study. Selama ini pemilihan pembangkit listrik di perdesaan off grid cenderung didominasi oleh PLTS karena sifatnya yang modular dan relatif cepat dibangun. Namun penggunaan PLTS belum tentu selalu menjadi pilihan paling optimal untuk seluruh kondisi wilayah perdesaan, mengingat setiap lokasi memiliki karakteristik berbeda. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan pembangkit perlu dilakukan melalui evaluasi alternatif yang objektif, terukur, dan mempertimbangkan berbagai kriteria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan menentukan alternatif pembangkit listrik energi terbarukan skala kecil yang paling sesuai untuk perdesaan off grid di Kabupaten Sigi dan Banggai dengan membandingkan tiga alternatif sumber energi terbarukan meliputi energi surya (PLTS), energi bayu (PLTB) dan energi mikrohidro (PLTMH). Kriteria yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima kriteria utama yang didapatkan dari seleksi kriteria dari penelitian terdahulu oleh para ahli di bidang pengelolaan listrik perdesaan PT PLN (Persero), meliputi Ekonomi, Teknik, Sosial, Lingkungan dan Politik dengan total 17 subkriteria. Metode yang digunakan Adalah Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) untuk memperoleh bobot prioritas kriteria, subkriteria dan alternatif berdasarkan penilaian ahli. Pendekatan fuzzy dilakukan untuk mengakomodasi ketidakpastian dan subjektivitas dalam penilaian responden terhadap tingkat kepentingan antar kriteria, sub kriteria dan alternatif. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner pairwise comparison yang dinilai oleh 10 responden ahli yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan listrik desa. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahwa PLTMH menempati peringkat pertama, diikuti PLTS pada peringkat kedua, dan PLTB pada peringkat ketiga. Keunggulan PLTMH terutama dipengaruhi oleh nilai availability factor yang lebih tinggi dan kemampuannya menyediakan pasokan listrik secara kontinu. Analisa sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa perubahan bobot pada seluruh subkriteria tidak mengubah urutan alternatif.
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In rural electrification development, several villages are located far from the existing electricity grid, requiring the construction of new off-grid power generation systems, including rural areas in Sigi Regency and Banggai Regency. At initial planning stage, site surveys are required to identify the most appropriate power generation technology before proceeding with the feasibility study. To date, off-grid rural electrification has predominantly relied on solar photovoltaic systems due to their modular design and relatively short construction period. However, solar power may not always represent the optimal solution for all rural areas, as each location has distinct resource potential, geographical conditions, and electricity demand characteristics. Therefore, technology selection decisions should not merely be based on commonly implemented practices but should involve an objective and measurable evaluation of alternatives using more comprehensive criteria. This study aims to evaluate and determine the most suitable small-scale renewable energy power generation alternative for off-grid rural areas in Sigi and Banggai Regencies by comparing three renewable energy alternatives: solar energy through Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants, wind energy through Wind Power Plants, and microhydro energy through Microhydro Power Plants. The criteria used in this study consist of five main criteria derived from a selection of criteria identified in previous studies and validated by experts in rural electricity management at PT PLN (Persero). These criteria include economic, technical, social, environmental, and political aspects, with a total of 17 subcriteria. The method applied in this study is the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is used to obtain priority weights for the criteria, subcriteria, and alternatives based on expert judgments. The fuzzy approach is employed to accommodate uncertainty and subjectivity in respondents’ assessments regarding the relative importance of criteria, subcriteria, and alternatives. Data was collected through pairwise comparison questionnaires completed by 10 expert respondents involved in rural electricity management. The results indicate that micro-hydropower plants (PLTMH) rank first, followed by solar photovoltaic power plants (PLTS) in second place and wind power plants (PLTB) in third place. The superiority of PLTMH is primarily attributed to its higher availability factor and its ability to provide a continuous electricity supply. The sensitivity analysis further demonstrates that changes in the weights of all subcriteria do not affect the ranking of alternatives.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Listrik Perdesaan, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Rural Electrification.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.62 Decision support systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Harisma Citra Siallagan
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 04:28
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 04:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143738

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