Pengaruh Leaching dan Variasi Suhu Pirolisis Terhadap Kualitas Char Batubara

Putri, Salsabila Aida (2026) Pengaruh Leaching dan Variasi Suhu Pirolisis Terhadap Kualitas Char Batubara. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Batubara adalah sumber energi fosil yang melimpah di Indonesia, tetapi keberadaan mineral pengotor dapat memengaruhi kualitas produk hasil konversi. Metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai guna batubara adalah pirolisis, yaitu proses dekomposisi termal tanpa oksigen yang menghasilkan produk tar, gas, dan char. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi temperatur pirolisis terhadap tar dan char, serta mengkaji pengaruh leaching dengan HCl 10% terhadap hasil dan karakteristik produk pirolisis. Pirolisis dilakukan pada variasi suhu 350, 400, 450, 500, dan 550℃ dengan laju pemanasan 10℃/menit. Temperatur optimum yang diperoleh digunakan untuk pirolisis sampel leaching batubara menggunakan HCl 10% untuk mengurangi kandungan mineral. Karakterisasi produk menggunakan analisis proksimat, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), dan uji flash point. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan temperatur pirolisis memberikan pengaruh terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Tar meningkat dari 1,13% pada suhu 350℃ menjadi 9,96% pada suhu 550℃, sedangkan char menurun dari 82,49% menjadi 65,98%. Temperatur optimum pirolisis diperoleh pada suhu 550℃ karena menghasilkan tar tertinggi. Proses leaching menyebabkan massa batubara berkurang dari 50 gram menjadi 47 gram, karena terjadi pelarutan sebagian mineral anorganik. Setelah perlakuan leaching dan pirolisis, tar dan char masing-masing menurun menjadi 7,55% dan 61,29%. Hasil nilai kalor raw coal sebelum pirolisis sebesar 4.934 Kkal/Kg, sedangkan char hasil leaching HCl 10% setelah pirolisis memiliki nilai kalor sebesar 6.803 Kkal/Kg. Kadar fixed carbon meningkat dari 59,61% pada raw coal setelah pirolisis menjadi 60,06% pada sampel raw coal hasil leaching HCl 10% setelah pirolisis. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan adanya perubahan pola spektrum setelah leaching yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya kandungan mineral pengotor pada char. Hasil FESEM menunjukkan terbentuknya struktur permukaan berpori setelah perlakuan leaching dan pirolisis. Hasil EDX menunjukkan char didominasi oleh unsur karbon sebesar 83,8%, oksigen 15,8%, dan silikon 0,4%. Unsur besi yang terdeteksi pada raw coal tidak ditemukan setelah perlakuan leaching dan pirolisis. Proses leaching HCl 10% dan pirolisis pada suhu 550℃ dapat mengurangi kandungan mineral pengotor dan menghasilkan char dengan kandungan karbon yang tinggi.
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Coal is an abundant fossil energy resource in Indonesia however, the presence of mineral impurities can affect the quality of conversion products. Pyrolysis is one of the methods used to enhance coal utilization through thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen, producing tar, gas, and char. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on tar and char yields, as well as the impact of 10% HCl leaching on the yield and characteristics of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures of 350, 400, 450, 500, and 550℃ with a heating rate of 10℃/min. The optimum temperature obtained was used for the pyrolysis of HCl 10% leached coal samples to reduce the mineral content. Product characterization was carried out using proximate analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), and flash point testing. The results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature significantly affected the product distribution. Tar yield increased from 1,13% at 350℃ to 9,96% at 550℃, while char yield decreased from 82.49% to 65.98%. The optimum pyrolysis temperature was determined to be 550°C, which produced the highest tar yield. The leaching process reduced the coal mass from 50 g to 47 g due to the dissolution of inorganic minerals. After leaching and pyrolysis, tar and char yields decreased to 7,55% and 61.29%, respectively. The calorific value of raw coal before pyrolysis was 4.934 Kcal/Kg, while the char resulting from 10% HCl leaching after pyrolysis had a calorific value of 6.803 Kcal/Kg. The fixed carbon content increased from 59.61% in raw coal after pyrolysis to 60.06% in the HCl 10% leached raw coal sample after pyrolysis. FTIR analysis revealed changes in the spectral pattern after leaching, indicating a reduction in mineral impurities within the char. FESEM analysis showed the formation of a porous surface structure following leaching and pyrolysis. EDX results indicated that the char was mainly composed of carbon (83.8%), oxygen (15.8%), and silicon (0.4%), while iron, which was detected in the raw coal, was no longer present after leaching and pyrolysis. Therefore, 10% HCl leaching combined with pyrolysis at 550℃ effectively reduced mineral impurities and produced char with a high carbon content.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batubara, Char, Fixed Carbon, Leaching, Pirolisis, Tar, Coal, Char, Fixed Carbon, Leaching, Pyrolysis, Tar
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Salsabila Aida Putri
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 02:45
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 02:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143820

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