Analisis Kinerja Akustik dan Aliran Udara Material Akustik Geometri Berbasis Louver untuk Peredam Kebisingan Sistem Ventilasi

Hibatulah, Naufal Dhyaudin (2026) Analisis Kinerja Akustik dan Aliran Udara Material Akustik Geometri Berbasis Louver untuk Peredam Kebisingan Sistem Ventilasi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sistem HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) berperan penting dalam menjaga kenyamanan termal dan kualitas udara di dalam ruangan melalui sirkulasi udara yang memadai. Namun, pengoperasian komponen mekanis, seperti kipas dan kompresor, juga menghasilkan kebisingan yang dapat menurunkan kenyamanan penghuni sehingga diperlukan material pengendali kebisingan yang efektif. Berbagai metamaterial akustik telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan insulasi bunyi, tetapi sebagian besar desain konvensional hanya berfokus pada aspek akustik tanpa mempertimbangkan kebutuhan ventilasi. Akibatnya, struktur tersebut cenderung menghambat sirkulasi udara sehingga kurang sesuai untuk diaplikasikan pada sistem yang memerlukan fungsi insulasi bunyi dan ventilasi secara bersamaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi panel akustik geometri berbasis louver sebagai alternatif material pengendali kebisingan yang tetap mempertahankan kinerja ventilasi. Panel yang dikembangkan merupakan kombinasi struktur louver dengan resonator Helmholtz yang direalisasikan dalam konfigurasi resonator tunggal dan resonator ganda. Variasi desain meliputi sudut kemiringan louver, panjang leher resonator, serta konfigurasi panel perforasi yang ditempatkan pada ujung louver, yaitu konfigurasi penuh, selang-seling pada satu ujung, dan selang-seling pada dua ujung. Kinerja akustik dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa parameter meliputi transmission loss, insertion loss, dan noise reduction. Sedangkan kinerja ventilasi dianalisis berdasarkan parameter pressure drop sebagai fungsi debit aliran dan kecepatan aliran udara. Karakterisasi kinerja akustik dilakukan melalui pendekatan analitik menggunakan Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), simulasi numerik menggunakan ANSYS Harmonic Acoustic, serta pengukuran. Sementara itu, karakterisasi kinerja ventilasi dilakukan menggunakan simulasi ANSYS Fluid Flow CFX dan pengukuran kecepatan aliran menggunakan skema terowongan angin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan analitik mampu memprediksi karakteristik transmission loss dengan baik terhadap hasil simulasi, dengan selisih frekuensi resonansi sebesar 30–50 Hz. Peningkatan sudut kemiringan louver meningkatkan resistansi aliran udara panel, sedangkan peningkatan panjang leher resonator menggeser frekuensi resonansi ke arah frekuensi yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan karakterisasi akustik dan ventilasi, panel resonator tunggal dengan sudut kemiringan 30° memberikan keseimbangan performa terbaik dengan frekuensi resonansi sebesar 670 Hz, insertion loss maksimum sebesar 8 dB pada frekuensi 400 Hz, dan pressure drop sebesar 33 Pa pada kecepatan aliran udara 3 m/s. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa panel akustik geometri berbasis louver berpotensi menjadi alternatif material ventilasi peredam bising yang mampu memberikan keseimbangan antara kinerja insulasi bunyi dan ventilasi.
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Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a vital role in maintaining indoor thermal comfort and air quality by providing adequate air circulation. However, the operation of mechanical components, such as fans and compressors, inevitably generates noise that degrades occupant comfort, thereby necessitating effective noise control solutions. Although various acoustic metamaterials have been developed to enhance sound insulation performance, most conventional designs primarily focus on acoustic attenuation while neglecting ventilation requirements. Consequently, these structures tend to obstruct airflow, limiting their applicability in systems that simultaneously require effective noise insulation and continuous ventilation. Therefore, this study aims to characterize a louver-based acoustic geometric panel as an alternative noise control material that maintains both acoustic and ventilation performance. The proposed panel combines a louver structure with Helmholtz resonators configured as single- and double-resonator designs. The investigated design parameters include the louver inclination angle, resonator neck length, and perforated-panel configurations installed at the louver ends, namely fully perforated, alternating perforation on one end, and alternating perforation on both ends. The acoustic performance was characterized analytically using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), numerically using the Finite Element Method (FEM) implemented in the ANSYS Harmonic Acoustic module, and experimentally through transmission loss (TL), insertion loss (IL), and noise reduction (NR) measurements. Meanwhile, the ventilation performance was evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluid Flow CFX based on pressure drop and airflow rate, and subsequently validated through airflow velocity measurements in a wind tunnel. The acoustic simulations were further validated experimentally using an impedance tube. The results demonstrate good agreement between the analytical and numerical predictions of transmission loss, with resonance frequency deviations ranging from 30 to 50 Hz. Increasing the louver inclination angle increased the airflow resistance of the panel, whereas increasing the resonator neck length shifted the resonance frequency toward lower frequencies. Based on the overall acoustic and ventilation performance, the single-resonator panel with a 30° louver inclination exhibited the most balanced design, achieving a resonance frequency of 670 Hz, a maximum insertion loss of 8 dB at 400 Hz, and a pressure drop of 33 Pa at an airflow velocity of 3 m/s. These findings demonstrate that the proposed louver-based acoustic geometric panel has significant potential as a noise control solution capable of achieving a balanced compromise between sound insulation and ventilation performance

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Akustik Geometri, Aliran Udara, Insertion Loss, Transmission Loss, Pressure drop, Ventilasi
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC151 Fluid dynamics Q Science > QC Physics > QC221 Acoustics. Sound
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Naufal Dhyaudin Hibatulah
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 04:02
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 04:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143821

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