Fini, Fini (2026) Standarisasi Desain Layanan Bunkering Kapal Di Berbagai Kelas Pelabuhan Di Indonesia dengan Pendekatan Klustering dan Seleksi Dengan Atribut Jamak. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kunjungan kapal di pelabuhan Indonesia terus meningkat signifikan seiring posisi strategis Indonesia pada jalur perdagangan internasional, sehingga menuntut efektivitas operasional pelabuhan termasuk kegiatan bunkering. Di Indonesia, tipe bunkering yang digunakan meliputi Ship to Ship, Truck to Ship, dan Onshore to Ship, namun belum terdapat standarisasi fasilitas penggunaan tipe bunkering yang sesuai dengan karakteristik masing-masing pelabuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun standarisasi sistem bunkering kapal yang tepat pada pelabuhan utama dan pelabuhan kelas I di Indonesia. Klasterisasi terhadap 17 pelabuhan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode K-Means berdasarkan tujuh variabel karakteristik pelabuhan, menghasilkan empat klaster optimal berdasarkan metode elbow. Pemilihan tipe bunkering dilakukan melalui Multiple Attribute Decision Making dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), mencakup kriteria teknis, ekonomi, operasional, keselamatan, dan aspek lainnya. Keterbaruan penelitian ini adalah penerapan dependency matrix sebelum pembobotan kriteria, di mana keterkaitan antar sub-kriteria dinilai dan dinormalisasi ke skala AHP untuk menurunkan consistency ratio. Hasil AHP pada Klaster 2 (Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak) menunjukkan kriteria Safety berbobot tertinggi (0,281) dengan Onshore to Ship terpilih (bobot 0,497). Pada Klaster 3 (Pelabuhan Banten), kriteria Teknis berbobot tertinggi (0,380) dengan Onshore to Ship terpilih (0,454). Pada Klaster 4 (Pelabuhan Panjang), kriteria Safety dan Teknis berbobot tertinggi (0,281) dengan Ship to Ship terpilih (0,348). Hasil ini divalidasi melalui Focus Group Discussion dan Analytical Network Process (ANP), yang menunjukkan konsistensi peringkat alternatif meski keterkaitan antar kriteria diperhitungkan. Decision tree disusun sebagai alat bantu keputusan cepat, sedangkan checklist berbentuk Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) disusun sebagai panduan implementasi.
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Ship visits to Indonesian ports have shown a significant annual increase, given Indonesia's strategic position on international trade routes, demanding greater port operational effectiveness, including bunkering activities. Bunkering methods in Indonesia include Ship to Ship, Truck to Ship, and Onshore to Ship; however, no standardization facility exists for selecting the appropriate type per port characteristics. This research develops standardization of ship bunkering systems for primary and Class I ports in Indonesia. Clustering of 17 sample ports was performed using K-Means based on seven port characteristic variables, resulting in four optimal clusters via the elbow method. Selection of the appropriate bunkering type was conducted using Multiple Attribute Decision Making with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), incorporating technical, economic, operational, safety, and other criteria. The novelty of this research is applying a dependency matrix prior to criteria weighting, where interrelations among sub-criteria are assessed and normalized to the AHP scale to reduce the consistency ratio. AHP results for Cluster 2 (Tanjung Perak Port) show Safety as the highest-weighted criterion (0.281), with Onshore to Ship selected (weight 0.497). For Cluster 3 (Banten Port), Technical is highest (0.380), with Onshore to Ship selected (0.454). For Cluster 4 (Panjang Port), Safety and Technical are jointly highest (0.281), with Ship to Ship selected (0.348). Results were validated through Focus Group Discussions and the Analytical Network Process (ANP), confirming consistent alternative rankings even when interdependencies among criteria were considered. A decision tree was developed as a rapid decision-support tool, while a checklist in the form of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) guides implementation. This research produces standardized facilities and procedures for Onshore to Ship and Ship to Ship bunkering at each cluster, serving as a reference for regulators and port operators to improve the safety and efficiency of ship bunkering in Indonesia.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | AHP, Bunkering, K-means Clustering, Dependency Matrix, Pelabuhan, Bunkering, K-means Clustering, MADM, Port, Ship Traffic |
| Subjects: | V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36001-(S3) PhD Theses |
| Depositing User: | Fini Fini |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 05:59 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 05:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143836 |
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