Analisis Emisi CO, CO₂, SO₂, dan VOC Pada Proses Produksi Kapal Terhadap Nilai Ambang Batas Yang Berlaku

Sinurat, Michael Y.H. (2026) Analisis Emisi CO, CO₂, SO₂, dan VOC Pada Proses Produksi Kapal Terhadap Nilai Ambang Batas Yang Berlaku. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri galangan kapal memiliki aktivitas produksi dengan intensitas tinggi, seperti proses pengelasan, pemotongan material, pengoperasian peralatan berbasis mesin pembakaran, serta proses coating dan painting, yang berpotensi menghasilkan emisi gas pencemar berupa karbon monoksida (CO), karbon dioksida (CO₂), sulfur oksida (SOₓ), dan senyawa organik volatil (VOC). Emisi tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas udara kerja dan meningkatkan risiko keselamatan serta kesehatan tenaga kerja, terutama pada area dengan ventilasi terbatas dan jarak kerja yang dekat dengan sumber emisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi emisi gas CO, CO₂, SOₓ, dan VOC yang dihasilkan oleh peralatan produksi kapal serta mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas udara kerja di galangan kapal. Pengukuran dilakukan secara langsung menggunakan portable gas detector pada beberapa area produksi dengan potensi emisi tinggi, meliputi gudang produksi, area fabrikasi, dan area coating and painting. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada variasi jarak dan jenis proses pengukuran dari sumber emisi menggunakan metode transect line measurement. Analisis konsentrasi pada ruang tertutup dan semi tertutup dilakukan dengan Box Model (mass balance), sedangkan estimasi sebaran emisi tambahan dianalisis menggunakan model dispersi Gaussian. Perbedaan konsentrasi emisi antar proses dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi emisi gas bervariasi bergantung pada jenis proses produksi, jarak pengukuran, dan kondisi ventilasi. Konsentrasi tertinggi gas CO terukur sebesar 90,13 ppm pada proses flame cutting pada jarak pengukuran 1 meter dari sumber emisi. Konsentrasi tertinggi gas CO₂ sebesar 1.950,53 ppm dan SO₂ sebesar 4,97 ppm terukur pada proses pengoperasian generator set, juga pada jarak 1 meter dari sumber emisi. Sementara itu, konsentrasi VOC pada proses painting dan coating berada di bawah batas deteksi alat dan tercatat <1% LEL. Beberapa konsentrasi emisi pada jarak dekat terukur mendekati atau melampaui Nilai Ambang Batas, sehingga diperlukan pengendalian kualitas udara kerja yang lebih optimal di lingkungan galangan kapal.
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The shipyard industry involves high-intensity production activities such as welding, material cutting, operation of fuel-based equipment, and coating and painting processes, all of which have the potential to generate air pollutant emissions including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur oxides (SOₓ), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). These emissions can degrade workplace air quality and increase occupational health and safety risks, particularly in areas with limited ventilation and at close working distances from emission sources. This study aims to analyze the concentrations of CO, CO₂, SOₓ, and VOC emissions produced by ship production equipment and to evaluate their effects on workplace air quality in a shipyard. Direct measurements were conducted using a portable gas detector at several production areas with high emission potential, including the production warehouse, fabrication area, and coating and painting area. Measurements were carried out at various distances from emission sources using the transect line measurement method. Concentration analysis in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces was performed using the Box Model (mass balance) approach, while additional emission dispersion estimation was conducted using the Gaussian dispersion model. Statistical differences in gas concentrations among production processes were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results indicate that gas emission concentrations vary depending on the type of production process, measurement distance, and ventilation conditions. The highest measured CO concentration was 90.13 ppm, recorded during the flame cutting process at a measurement distance of 1 meter from the emission source. The highest CO₂ concentration of 1,950.53 ppm and SO₂ concentration of 4.97 ppm were observed during generator set operation, also at a distance of 1 meter from the source. Meanwhile, VOC concentrations measured during painting and coating processes were below the instrument detection limit and recorded as <1% LEL. Several gas concentrations measured at close distances approached or exceeded the applicable occupational exposure limits, indicating the need for improved workplace air quality control and emission management in shipyard environments.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	emisi gas, galangan kapal, kualitas udara kerja, CO, CO₂, SO₂, VOC,gas emissions, shipyard, Air quality, CO, CO₂, SO₂, VOC.
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN879.6 Welding T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS227 Welding. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM298.5 Shipbuilding industri. Shipyards
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding Engineering > 36201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Michael Y.h. Sinurat
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 06:08
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 06:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143996

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