Optimalisasi Strategi Load Shedding pada Islanded Network dengan Distributed Generation Menggunakan Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm

Gunawan, Christian (2026) Optimalisasi Strategi Load Shedding pada Islanded Network dengan Distributed Generation Menggunakan Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sistem jaringan kelistrikan industri yang beroperasi secara islanded grid menyebabkan sistem rentan mengalami penurunan frekuensi sampai ke ambang standar operasi saat terjadi lepasnya generator. Penelitian ini menggunakan skema Power-Based Load Shedding (PBLS) menggunakan Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) sebagai pemilihan pelepasan beban serta skema Breaker Failure Protection (BFP). Validasi sistem menggunakan DIgSILENT PowerFactory pada model IEEE 33-Bus dengan menyertakan delay transmisi aktual hasil uji perangkat keras menggunakan RTU Siemens SICAM A8000 dan BCU Siemens 6MD85 via IEC 61850 GOOSE sebesar 0,46 detik. Hasil simulasi pada skenario lepasnya generator 1, generator 2, dan generator 3 menunjukkan BWOA secara konsisten meraih akurasi konvergensi tertinggi dibanding BGWO dan BPSO dengan nilai jarak Euclidean terkecil menuju titik ideal masing-masing sebesar 0.2946; 0,5088; dan 0,2486. Melalui deteksi instan status Circuit Breaker (CB) generator 1, 2, 3, skema PBLS mengeksekusi pemutusan beban serentak dalam waktu 1,46, efektif menjaga frekuensi nadir pada batas aman sesuai IEEE Std C37.102-2023. Sebaliknya, metode UFLS terbukti terlalu lambat dan tidak presisi karena memicu penurunan frekuensi yang mengaktifkan proteksi under/over-frequency di ambang batas 47,66 Hz dan 51,50 Hz yang memaksa generator mengalami trip. Selain itu, fungsi multi-objektif BWOA sukses menjaga stabilitas tegangan transien pada rentang 1,0008 p.u. – 1,0260 p.u. dengan settling time yaitu 2,31 – 2,92 detik memenuhi IEEE 1159-2019. Saat terjadi kegagalan mekanis CB utama, fungsi fail-safe BFP secara otonom mengalihkan perintah pemutusan ke beban cadangan dalam waktu total 1,698 detik dengan tenggat 1,00 detik sesuai IEEE Std C37.119-2016 demi menjaga keandalan jaringan industri.
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Low inertia characteristics in industrial islanded grids render the system highly vulnerable to total frequency collapse during generator outage contingencies. This study proposes a proactive Power-Based Load Shedding (PBLS) scheme utilizing a Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) integrated with Breaker Failure Protection (BFP). System validation was conducted via transient simulation using DIgSILENT PowerFactory on an IEEE 33-Bus model, incorporating an actual transmission delay of 0.46 seconds obtained from hardware testing of a Siemens SICAM A8000 RTU and a Siemens BCU 6MD85 via IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol. The simulation results demonstrate that BWOA consistently achieves the highest convergence accuracy compared to BGWO and BPSO, yielding the smallest Euclidean distances to the ideal point at 0.3012, 0.4197, and 0.3456, respectively. By instantaneously detecting generator circuit breaker (CB) status, the PBLS scheme executes simultaneous load shedding within 1.46 seconds, effectively maintaining the nadir frequency within a safe threshold in compliance with IEEE Std C37.102-2023. Conversely, the conventional Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) method proves to be too slow and imprecise, triggering extreme frequency drops that activate upstream under/over-frequency protection at the thresholds of 47.66 Hz and 51.50 Hz, forcing an instantaneous generator trip. Furthermore, the multi-objective formulation of BWOA successfully maintains transient voltage stability within 1.0008 p.u. – 1,0260 p.u. with a brief settling time is 2.31 s – 2.92 s, satisfying IEEE 1159-2019 power quality standards. In the event of a primary CB mechanical failure, the fail-safe BFP function autonomously reroutes the trip command to backup feeders within a total time of 1.698 seconds, operating with an intentional time delay of exactly 1.00 second in accordance with IEEE Std C37.119-2016 to ensure industrial grid reliability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Power-Based Load Shedding, BWOA, Multi-Objective Optimization, Breaker Failure Protection, IEC 61850 GOOSE, Power-Based Load Shedding, BWOA, Multi-Objective Optimization, Breaker Failure Protection, IEC 61850 GOOSE
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.84 Heuristic algorithms. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1010 Electric power system stability. Electric filters, Passive.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Christian Amadeus Gunawan
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 04:29
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 04:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144026

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