Gauru, Imanuel (2026) STudi Senyawa Kompleks Nikel(II) Dan Seng(II) Dengan Ligan Aroilhidrazon Turunan Para-Benzaldehida Dan Benzohidrazida: Sintesis, Karakterisasi Dan Aktivitas Antikanker Terhadap Sel Kanker Serviks Hela. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Setiap tahun, prevalensi penyakit kanker serviks di Indonesia semakin meningkat sehingga kebutuhan terhadap obat semakin bertambah. Pengobatan kanker serviks berbasis senyawa kompleks platinum masih tergolong belum efektif karena memiliki efek samping multidrug resistance (MDR). Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka pengembangan senyawa kompleks berbasis logam bioesensial seperti nikel(II) dan seng(II) menjadi salah satu alternatif. Pendekatan ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan sifat farmakologi obat dan mengurangi efek samping sehingga lebih aman dikonsumsi. Karakteristik ligan dan ion pusat berperan besar dalam menentukan aktivitas biologis dan reaktivitas senyawa kompleks tersebut. Oleh karena itu, disertasi ini melaporkan sintesis empat ligan aroilhidrazon turunan para-benzaldehida dan benzohidrazida (14a-d) dan delapan senyawa kompleks nikel(II) (17a-d) dan seng(II) (18a-d) dari ligan tersebut beserta karakterisasi dan aktifitas antikanker terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa. Ligan aroilhidrazon (14a-d) telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode refluks. Berdasarkan hasil karekterisasi empat ligan menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR dan ESI-MS maka diperoleh rumus molekul sebagai berikut : L1 = C14H12N2O2 (14a), L2 = C15H14N2O2 (14b), L3 = C14H11N3O3 (14c), L4 = C15H14N2O (14d). Kompleks Ni(II) – aroilhidrazon (17a–d) telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode solvotermal, sedangkan kompleks Zn(II) – aroilhidrazon (18a–d) telah berhasil disintesis melalui metode refluks. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi delapan senyawa kompleks menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR, TGA, XRD dan analisis unsur CHN/O diperoleh rumus struktur sebagai berikut : [Ni(L1)2(H2O)2] (17a), [Ni(L2)2(H2O)] (17b), [Ni(L3)2(H2O)] (17c), [Ni(L4)2(H2O)2] (17d), [Zn(L1)2(H2O)2] (18a), [Zn(L2)2(H2O)2] (18b), [Zn(L3)2(H2O)] (18c), [Zn(L4)2(H2O)] (18d). Aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel HeLa, ditunjukkan dengan sitotoksisitas terbaik oleh ligan 4-metilbenziliden benzoilhidrazin (14d) (IC50 = 42,64 μg/mL) dan kompleks Ni(II)-4-metilbenziliden benzoilhidrazin (17d) ( IC50 = 80,81 μg/mL). Aktivitas inhibisi proliferasi sel dari ligan aroilhidrazon (14) cenderung lebih lemah pada konsentrasi rendah dibandingkan kompleksnya (17) dan (18).
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Every year, the prevalence of cervical cancer disease in Indonesia is increasing, so we need to increase the number of medicines. Cervical cancer treatments based on platinum complex compounds are still considered ineffective due to the side effect of multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, other alternatives are needed, including using complex compounds of bioessential transition metals such as Ni(II) and Zn(II). This approach is expected to improve the pharmacological properties of the drug and reduce side effects so that it is safer to consume. The characteristics of the ligand and the central ion play a major role in determining the biological activity and reactivity of the complex compound. Therefore, this dissertation reports the synthesis of four aroylhydrazone ligands derived from para-benzaldehyde and benzohydrazide (14a–d) and eight nickel(II) (17a–d) and zinc(II) (18a–d) complexes of these ligands, along with their characterization and anticancer activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. The aroylhydrazone ligands (14a-d) have been successfully synthesized using the reflux method. Based on the characterization results of the four ligands using UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and ESI-MS, the following molecular formulas were obtained: L1 = C14H12N2O2 (14a), L2 = C15H14N2O2 (14b), L3 = C14H11N3O3 (14c), L4 = C15H14N2O (14d). The Ni(II)–aroylhydrazone complexes (17a–d) were successfully synthesized using the solvothermal method, while the Zn(II)–aroylhydrazone complexes (18a–d) were successfully synthesized via the reflux method. Based on the characterization results of the eight complexes using UV-Vis, FTIR, TGA, XRD, and CHN/O elemental analysis, the following structural formulas were obtained: [Ni(L1)2(H2O)2] (17a), [Ni(L2)2(H2O)] (17b), [Ni(L3)2(H2O)] (17c), [Ni(L4)2(H2O)2] (17d), [Zn(L1)2(H2O)2] (18a), [Zn(L2)2(H2O)2] (18b), [Zn(L3)2(H2O)] (18c), [Zn(L4)2(H2O)] (18d). Anticancer activity against HeLa cells, shown with the best cytotoxicity by the ligand 4-methylbenzylidene benzoylhydrazine (14d) (IC50 = 42,64 μg/mL) and the complex Ni(II)-4-methylbenzylidene benzoylhydrazine (17d) (IC50 = 80,81 μg/mL). The cell proliferation inhibition activity of the ligand aroylhydrazone (14) tends to be weaker at low concentrations compared to its complexes (17) and (18).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | antikanker serviks, aroilhidrazon, ion logam(II), karakterisasi, sintesis, anticancer cervical, aroylhydrazone, characterization, metal(II) ions, synthesis |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Imanuel Gauru |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 08:45 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 09:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144075 |
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