Rahayu, Feby Eka (2026) Akumulasi Logam Berat Seng (Zn) pada Karang Acropora muricata yang Ditransplantasikan pada Beton Berbasis Fly Ash–Bottom Ash. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penurunan kondisi terumbu karang mendorong pengembangan artificial reef sebagai salah satu upaya rehabilitasi ekosistem. Beton berbasis fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) berpotensi digunakan sebagai material alternatif, namun kandungan logam berat seng (Zn) di dalamnya perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui potensi akumulasinya pada karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis akumulasi Zn pada fragmen Acropora muricata yang ditransplantasikan pada beton artificial reef berbasis FABA dengan variasi komposisi berbeda serta mengevaluasi perubahan konsentrasi Zn pada beton, air laut, dan densitas zooxanthellae. Penelitian dilakukan di Perairan Batu Lawang, Situbondo, Jawa Timur selama enam bulan. Konsentrasi Zn dianalisis menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), sedangkan data dianalisis menggunakan One-Way Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA) dan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Zn pada beton mengalami penurunan dengan nilai ΔZn sebesar 0,414–1,897 mg/L, sedangkan konsentrasi Zn pada air laut meningkat dari 0,00125 mg/L menjadi 0,00200 mg/L dan tetap berada di bawah baku mutu kualitas air laut untuk biota. Fragmen Acropora muricata mengalami akumulasi Zn sebesar 0,003–0,383 mg/L, sedangkan densitas zooxanthellae mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,444–2,127 × 10⁶ sel/cm². Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa variasi komposisi FABA berpengaruh nyata terhadap akumulasi Zn pada fragmen Acropora muricata (p < 0,05). Selama enam bulan masa transplantasi, seluruh fragmen karang tetap bertahan hidup dan konsentrasi Zn pada air laut masih berada di bawah baku mutu, sehingga beton artificial reef berbasis FABA pada komposisi yang digunakan masih menunjukkan potensi sebagai media transplantasi karang, meskipun penelitian lanjutan masih diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjang.
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The degradation of coral reef ecosystems has encouraged the development of artificial reefs as an alternative approach to ecosystem rehabilitation. Concrete incorporating fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) has the potential to serve as an alternative construction material; however, its zinc (Zn) content requires evaluation to determine its potential accumulation in corals. This study aimed to analyze Zn accumulation in Acropora muricata fragments transplanted onto FABAbased artificial reef concrete with different composition variations, as well as to evaluate changes in Zn concentrations in the concrete, seawater, and zooxanthellae density. The study was conducted in the waters of Batu Lawang, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia, over a six-month period. Zinc concentrations were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), while the data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA) followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The results showed that Zn concentrations in the concrete decreased, with ΔZn values ranging from 0.414 to 1.897 mg/L. Meanwhile, Zn concentrations in seawater increased from 0.00125 mg/L to 0.00200 mg/L but remained below the seawater quality standard for marine biota. Acropora muricata fragments accumulated Zn in the range of 0.003–0.383 mg/L, while zooxanthellae density decreased by 0.444–2.127 × 10⁶ cells/cm². Statistical analysis indicated that variations in FABA composition had a significant effect on Zn accumulation in Acropora muricata fragments (p < 0.05). Throughout the six-month transplantation period, all coral fragments survived, and Zn concentrations in seawater remained below the established quality standard. Therefore, the FABA-based artificial reef concrete with the compositions tested still demonstrates potential as a substrate for coral transplantation, although further studies are required to evaluate its longterm impacts.
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