Desain & Simulasi Sistem Kontrol Suhu Menggunakan Fuzzy-PID Untuk Solar Tunnel Dryer Multi Komoditas

Farhan, Miftakhul Ula Ali (2026) Desain & Simulasi Sistem Kontrol Suhu Menggunakan Fuzzy-PID Untuk Solar Tunnel Dryer Multi Komoditas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengeringan pada Solar Tunnel Dryer (STD) multi komoditas menghadapi permasalahan dimana setiap komoditas yang dikeringkan memiliki karakteristik serta pengeringan dengan suhu yang berbeda. Pengeringan biji kopi memerlukan suhu sekitar 40–50°C, sedangkan cabai memerlukan suhu sekitar 60-70°C. Penggunaan kontroler dengan parameter tetap dapat menyebabkan respon sistem yang kurang optimal ketika setpoin berubah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kontroler adaptif yang mampu menyesuaikan kinerja terhadap beberapa setpoin suhu. Simulasi dilakukan sebagai tahap awal validasi sebelum diimplementasikan pada hardware asli, sehingga kesalahan desain dapat diminimalkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Hardware In The Loop Simulation (HITL) untuk merepresentasikan pengunaan mikrokontroler nyata dalam mengendalikan plant pengeringan. Model plant dijalankan pada software MATLAB, sedangkan algoritma kontrol diproses pada mikrokontroller ESP32. Metode kontrol yang digunakan yakni Fuzzy-PID. Kontroler PID menghasilkan aksi koreksi berdasarkan error temperatur, sedangkan logika fuzzy menyesuaikan nilai parameter K_p,K_i,dan K_d secara adaptif sesuai kondisi error dan perubahan error. Pengujian dilakukan pada dua komoditas yakni kopi dengan setpoin suhu 40 °C, 45 °C, dan 50 °C, serta cabai dengan setpoin 60 °C, 65 °C, dan 70 °C. Kinerja sistem dianalisis berdasarkan kemampuan mengikuti setpoin dengan melihat rise time, settling time, overshoot, serta penurunan kelembaban komoditas. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kontroler Fuzzy-PID mampu menyesuaikan respon terhadap seluruh setpoin pengeringan kopi dan cabai. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan rise time sebesar 1,5 menit pada pengeringan kopi dan 70 menit pada pengeringan cabai, dengan settling time ±2% terhadap kondisi tunak masing-masing sebesar 112–147 menit dan 124–144 menit. Overshoot suhu bahan berada pada rentang 0–5,25%; namun, suhu kondisi tunak masih memiliki selisih sebesar 1,6–7,9 °C terhadap setpoint. Simulasi juga menunjukkan penurunan kelembaban komoditas secara signifikan menuju target akhir, yakni kelembaban 13% untuk kopi dan 15% untuk cabai. Dengan demikian, rancangan Fuzzy-PID dan pendekatan simulasi HITL dapat dijadikan bahan validasi sistem kontrol adaptif pada STD multi komoditas sebelum diterapkan pada hardware asli.
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Drying in a multi-commodity Solar Tunnel Dryer (STD) presents a challenge, as each commodity being dried has different characteristics and requires drying at different temperatures. Coffee beans require a temperature of around 40–50°C, whilst chilies require a temperature of around 60–70°C. The use of a controller with fixed parameters can result in a sub-optimal system response when the setpoint changes. Therefore, an adaptive controller is required that is capable of adjusting its performance to accommodate multiple temperature setpoints. Simulations are carried out as an initial validation stage prior to implementation on the actual hardware, thereby minimising design errors.
This study employs a Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HITL) approach to simulate the use of a real microcontroller in controlling a drying plant. The plant model is run in MATLAB, whilst the control algorithm is processed on an ESP32 microcontroller. The control method employed is Fuzzy-PID. The PID controller generates a corrective action based on the temperature error, whilst the fuzzy logic adjusts the parameter values K_p,K_i,dan K_d adaptively according to error conditions and changes in error. Testing was carried out on two commodities: coffee, with temperature setpoints of 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C; and chilies, with setpoints of 60 °C, 65 °C and 70 °C. The system’s performance was analyzed based on its ability to track the setpoint by examining rise time, settling time, overshoot, and the reduction in the commodities moisture content. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy-PID controller is capable of adjusting its response to all setpoints for the drying of coffee and chilies. The simulation results indicate a rise time of 1.5 minutes for coffee drying and 70 minutes for chili drying, with a settling time of ±2 per cent relative to steady-state conditions of 112–147 minutes and 124–144 minutes, respectively. The overshoot in material temperature was within the range of 0–5.25%; however, the steady-state temperature still deviated by 1.6–7.9 °C from the setpoint. The simulation also showed a significant reduction in the moisture content of the commodities towards the final target, namely 13 per cent for coffee and 15 per cent for chillies. Consequently, the Fuzzy-PID design and the HITL simulation approach can be used to validate the adaptive control system on a multi-commodity STD before it is implemented on the actual hardware.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fuzzy-PID, Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation, Solar Tunnel Dryer, Kontrol Adaptif, Pengeringan Multi Komoditas. Fuzzy-PID, Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation, Solar Tunnel Dryer, Adaptive Control, Multi-Commodity Drying.
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA9.64 Fuzzy logic
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Miftakhul Ula Ali Farhan
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2026 08:13
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2026 08:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144188

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