Penerapan Sistem Kontrol Arus Pengelasan Pada Mesin Las Listrik Menggunakan Metode Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)

Rahman, Adhitya Maulana (2026) Penerapan Sistem Kontrol Arus Pengelasan Pada Mesin Las Listrik Menggunakan Metode Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Mesin las listrik merupakan salah satu peralatan pengelasan yang banyak digunakan di industri manufaktur untuk menghasilkan sambungan pada material. Dalam proses pengelasan, arus merupakan salah satu parameter penting karena berpengaruh terhadap panas yang dihasilkan selama proses penyambungan material. Pengendalian arus pengelasan yang kurang baik dapat memengaruhi kualitas hasil pengelasan dan meningkatkan potensi terjadinya cacat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengendalian arus pada mesin las listrik di PT Catur Mitra Sukses Makmur sebagai solusi guna meningkatkan kualitas hasil pengelasan. Proyek akhir dilakukan menggunakan PLC Schneider Zelio Logic SR3B261BD sebagai perangkat pengendali dan sensor arus sebagai umpan balik untuk mengukur arus pengelasan. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengambilan data respons sistem, pemodelan sistem, perancangan kontrol Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), simulasi, implementasi, dan pengujian pada mesin. Parameter PID diperoleh menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols II dan selanjutnya disempurnakan melalui proses fine tuning. Hasil pengujian pada setpoint 35 A menunjukkan bahwa sebelum penerapan PID, sistem menghasilkan overshoot sebesar 23,71% dengan nilai puncak 43,30 A dan steady-state error sebesar 3,25%. Setelah penerapan PID, overshoot berkurang menjadi 3,43%, steady-state error sebesar 1,66%, dan settling time sebesar 0,710 detik. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kontrol PID mampu memperbaiki karakteristik respons arus pengelasan dengan mengurangi overshoot dan penyimpangan arus terhadap nilai setpoint, sehingga proses pengendalian arus pengelasan dapat berlangsung dengan lebih baik.
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Electric welding machines are widely used in the manufacturing industry to produce joints between materials. In the welding process, welding current is one of the key parameters because it directly affects the heat generated during material joining. Inadequate control of the welding current can affect weld quality and increase the potential for welding defects. This study aims to control the welding current of an electric welding machine at PT Catur Mitra Sukses Makmur as a solution to improve weld quality. This final project was conducted using a Schneider Zelio Logic SR3B261BD Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the main controller and a current sensor as a feedback device for measuring the welding current. The research stages included system response data acquisition, system modeling, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller design, simulation, implementation, and machine testing. The PID parameters were determined using the Ziegler-Nichols II tuning method and subsequently refined through a fine-tuning process. Test results at a setpoint of 35 A showed that, before PID control was applied, the system exhibited an overshoot of 23.71%, with a peak value of 43.30 A and a steady-state error of 3.25%. After PID control was applied, the overshoot decreased to 3.43%, the steady-state error decreased to 1.66%, and the settling time was 0.710 seconds. These results demonstrate that PID control improves the welding current response characteristics by reducing overshoot and current deviation from the setpoint, resulting in better control of the welding current during the welding process.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Welding Current, Electric Welding Machine, PID , PLC, Ziegler-Nichols II.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223.P76 Programmable controllers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223 PID controllers T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3070 Automatic control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK351 Electric measurements. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK4660 Welding; Electric welding.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Adhitya Maulana Rahman
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2026 08:43
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2026 08:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144218

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