Putri, Ainurrachma Kurniawati (2026) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Lapisan Tipis MA(Pb1-XSnX)I3 dengan Variasi x = 0 ; 0,1 ; 0,2 ; 0,3 ; 0,4 dan 0,5 Dengan Agen Penstabil Asam Askorbat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sel surya perovskit hibrida, khususnya Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI_3), telah menunjukkan efisiensi konversi energi yang luar biasa, namun terkendala oleh masalah toksisitas timbal (Pb) yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Substitusi sebagian timbal dengan logam timah (Sn) menjadi solusi strategis untuk menghasilkan perangkat fotovoltaik yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Namun, perovskit berbasis timah memiliki tantangan besar berupa ketidakstabilan struktur akibat oksidasi spontan kation Sn^(2+)menjadi Sn^(4+). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis dan mengarakterisasi lapisan tipis perovskite campuran MA(Pb_(1-x) Sn_x)I_3 dengan variasi komposisi Sn (x=0;0,1;0,2;0,3;0,4;0,5). Lapisan tipis dipreparasi menggunakan metode drop casting di atas substrat kaca pada kondisi udara bebas dengan bantuan teknik ultrasonikasi untuk homogenisasi larutan. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi UV-Vis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), serta Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada komposisi rendah memiliki fase perovskit tetap dominan dengan puncak XRD yang relatif tajam, morfologi SEM yang lebih kompak, serta tepi serapan UV‑Vis yang jelas, kondisi ini dapat dikaitkan dengan kualitas kristal yang baik dan estimasi band gap yang handal dan menunjukkan sedikit penurunan nilai Eg yang menguntungkan penyerapan panjang gelombang lebih panjang. Sebaliknya, pada komposisi tinggi pola XRD memperlihatkan penguatan fasa sekunder, pelebaran puncak yang mengindikasikan ukuran kristalit lebih kecil dan strain tinggi, citra SEM menunjukkan butir halus dan porositas meningkat, serta spektrum UV‑Vis menampilkan penurunan intensitas dan tepi serapan yang melebar sehingga nilai band gap menjadi kurang dapat diandalkan.
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Hybrid perovskite solar cells, especially Methylammonium Lead Iodide MAPbI3, have shown remarkable energy conversion efficiency, but are hampered by the problem of lead (Pb) toxicity which is harmful to the environment. Partial substitution of lead with tin (Sn) metal is a strategic solution to produce more environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices. However, tin-based perovskites have a major challenge in the form of structural instability due to spontaneous oxidation of Sn^(2+)cations to Sn^(4+). This study aims to synthesize and characterize mixed perovskite thin films MA(Pb_(1-x) Sn_x)I_3 with varying Sn compositions (x=0;0.1;0.2;0.3;0.4;0.5). To inhibit the rate of tin oxidation, ascorbic acid is used as a stabilizing agent or antioxidant. The thin films were prepared using the drop casting method on a glass substrate in free air conditions with the help of ultrasonication techniques for solution homogenization. Characterization was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS). The results show that at low compositions, the perovskite phase remains dominant with relatively sharp XRD peaks, a more compact SEM morphology, and a clear UV-Vis absorption edge. This condition can be attributed to good crystal quality and reliable band gap estimation and shows a slight decrease in Eg values that benefit longer wavelength absorption. In contrast, at high compositions, the XRD pattern shows strengthening of secondary phases, peak broadening indicating smaller crystallite sizes and high strain, SEM images show fine grains and increased porosity, and the UV-Vis spectrum displays a decrease in intensity and a widened absorption edge so that the band gap value becomes less reliable.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Absorbansi, Band Gap, Perovskit, Sel Surya, Absorbance, Band Gap, Perovskite, Solar Cell |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC162 Adsorption and absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2960 Dye-sensitized solar cells. Solar batteries. Solar cells |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ainurrachma Kurniawati Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2026 01:38 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2026 01:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144255 |
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