Dewi, Alifah Puspita (2026) Karaterisasi Abu Serabut Siwalan Hasil Kalsinasi Terkontrol dan Potensinya sebagai Material Pozzolanik pada Semen PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement) Pabrik Semen Tuban. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pemanfaatan limbah biomassa lokal sebagai material pozzolanik alternatif merupakan salah satu pendekatan strategis dalam mendukung pengurangan emisi karbon pada industri semen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fisikokimia, mineralogi, dan termal abu serabut siwalan (ASS) melalui proses kalsinasi terkendali serta mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusinya terhadap performa mekanis Semen Portland Pozolan (Portland Pozzolana Cement/PPC) produksi Pabrik Semen Tuban. Proses kalsinasi dilakukan menggunakan muffle furnace pada variasi temperatur 400°C, 500°C, dan 600°C dengan waktu pembakaran (holding time) selama 5 jam melalui tiga kali pengulangan (triplo). Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) untuk mengevaluasi perubahan massa akibat perlakuan termal, identifikasi gugus fungsi, serta analisis komposisi kimia dan kandungan oksida utama penyusun material pozzolan. Evaluasi kinerja mekanis dilakukan melalui pengujian kuat tekan mortar mikro berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran 2 × 2 × 2 cm menggunakan variasi substitusi abu serabut siwalan sebesar 0%, 3%, 5%, dan 7% terhadap berat semen PPC. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur hidrasi 14 dan 21 hari untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan abu serabut siwalan (ASS) terhadap perkembangan kekuatan mortar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur kalsinasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap proses dekomposisi komponen lignoselulosa dan pembentukan material kaya silika pada abu serabut siwalan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rendemen abu dari proses kalsinasi menggunakan massa awal bahan sebesar 500 gram dengan tiga kali pengulangan, kondisi optimum diperoleh pada temperatur 500°C. Pada kondisi tersebut, abu serabut siwalan menghasilkan rendemen rata-rata sebesar 6,25%, sedangkan abu serabut kelapa sebagai material pembanding menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 5,27%. Peningkatan rendemen pada temperatur 500°C menunjukkan bahwa proses degradasi komponen organik berlangsung secara optimal sehingga menghasilkan fraksi anorganik berupa abu dengan kandungan silika yang lebih tinggi. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terjadinya penghilangan gugus fungsi organik akibat proses pembakaran serta munculnya pita serapan karakteristik ikatan siloksan (Si-O-Si) yang menunjukkan keberadaan struktur silika. Analisis XRF menunjukkan kandungan SiO₂ yang tinggi pada abu serabut siwalan sehingga memenuhi persyaratan material pozzolan berdasarkan standar ASTM C618. Pengujian kuat tekan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan abu serabut siwalan sebagai substitusi parsial semen PPC mampu meningkatkan performa mekanis mortar hingga kadar substitusi optimum. Substitusi abu serabut siwalan (ASS) sebesar 5% menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 33,90 MPa pada umur 21 hari, meningkat sebesar 20,21% dibandingkan mortar kontrol tanpa penambahan abu serabut siwalan (ASS). Peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh reaksi pozzolanik sekunder antara silika reaktif dari abu serabut siwalan (ASS) dengan kalsium hidroksida hasil hidrasi semen yang menghasilkan tambahan gel kalsium silikat hidrat (C-S-H) serta memperbaiki kepadatan matriks semen. Dengan demikian, abu serabut siwalan berpotensi digunakan sebagai material pozzolan alternatif yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kinerja Semen Portland Pozolan secara berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Abu Serabut Siwalan (ASS), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Silika Biogenik, Material Pozzolan, Kuat Tekan Mortar Mikro. ====================================================================================================================================
The utilization of local biomass waste as an alternative pozzolanic material represents a strategic approach to supporting carbon emission reduction in the cement industry. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical, mineralogical, and thermal characteristics of Siwalan fiber ash (SFA) through controlled calcination processes and to evaluate the effect of its substitution on the mechanical performance of Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) produced by Tuban Cement Plant. The calcination process was conducted using a muffle furnace at temperatures of 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C with a holding time of 5 hours and three repetitions (triplicate). Material characterization was performed using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to evaluate mass changes due to thermal treatment, identify functional groups, and analyze the chemical composition and major oxide content of the pozzolanic material. The mechanical performance evaluation was carried out through compressive strength testing of micro-mortar cubes with dimensions of 2 × 2 × 2 cm using Siwalan fiber ash substitution levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of PPC cement. Compressive strength tests were conducted at hydration ages of 14 and 21 days to determine the effect of Siwalan fiber ash (SFA) addition on mortar strength development. The results showed that calcination temperature influenced the decomposition process of lignocellulosic components and the formation of silica-rich material in Siwalan fiber ash. Based on ash yield calculations from the calcination process using an initial biomass mass of 500 grams with three repetitions, the optimum condition was obtained at a calcination temperature of 500°C. Under this condition, Siwalan fiber ash produced an average yield of 6.25%, while coconut fiber ash as a comparison material produced a yield of 5.27%. The higher yield obtained at 500°C indicates that the degradation of organic components occurred optimally, resulting in an inorganic ash fraction with higher silica content. FTIR analysis confirmed the removal of organic functional groups due to the combustion process and the appearance of characteristic absorption bands associated with siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si), indicating the presence of silica structures. XRF analysis revealed a high SiO₂ content in Siwalan fiber ash, fulfilling the requirements for pozzolanic materials according to ASTM C618 standards. Compressive strength testing demonstrated that the partial substitution of PPC cement with Siwalan fiber ash improved the mechanical performance of mortar up to an optimum substitution level. A 5% substitution of Siwalan fiber ash (SFA) resulted in the highest compressive strength of 33.90 MPa at 21 days, representing an increase of 20.21% compared with the control mortar without Siwalan fiber ash addition. This improvement was attributed to the secondary pozzolanic reaction between reactive silica from Siwalan fiber ash and calcium hydroxide produced during cement hydration, which generated additional calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and enhanced the density of the cement matrix. Therefore, Siwalan fiber ash has strong potential as an effective alternative pozzolanic material for improving the performance of Portland Pozzolana Cement in a sustainable manner. Keywords: Siwalan Fiber Ash (SFA), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Biogenic Silica, Pozzolanic Material, Micro-Mortar Compressive Strength.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Abu Serabut Siwalan (ASS), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC),Silika Biogenik, Material Pozzolan, Kuat Tekan Mortar Mikro Siwalan Fiber Ash (SFA), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Biogenic Silica, Pozzolanic Material, Micro-Mortar Compressive Strength. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD481 Chemical structure. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Alifah Puspita Dewi |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2026 03:19 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2026 03:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144278 |
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