Sistem Pengaturan PPM Nutrisi Hidroponik Dengan Kontrol PID Untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas Dan Efisiensi Energi

Triatmanto, Akbar (2026) Sistem Pengaturan PPM Nutrisi Hidroponik Dengan Kontrol PID Untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas Dan Efisiensi Energi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Konsentrasi larutan nutrisi merupakan salah satu parameter dalam budidaya hidroponik yang direpresentasikan melalui nilai Total Dissolved Solids dalam satuan Parts Per Million (PPM). Metode kontrol konvensional On-Off yang umum digunakan pada sistem hidroponik berkapasitas tangki 20 liter memiliki keterbatasan berupa osilasi di sekitar setpoint serta berpotensi menimbulkan pemborosan energi listrik akibat lonjakan arus awal pada mekanisme switching pompa yang berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menganalisis sistem pengaturan PPM nutrisi hidroponik menggunakan kontroler Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32, serta membandingkan kinerjanya dengan metode kontrol On-Off dari aspek kestabilan respons dan efisiensi energi. Prototipe sistem bertipe Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) dengan tangki berkapasitas 20 liter ini menggunakan sensor TDS sebagai umpan balik, dua pompa nutrisi yang dikendalikan PID melalui sinyal PWM, serta satu pompa air yang dikendalikan metode On-Off untuk proses pengenceran. Parameter PID ditentukan melalui pemodelan Integrator Murni dengan Waktu Tunda dengan metode tuning Cohen-Coon, kemudian disempurnakan melalui proses detuning untuk mengatasi integral windup akibat waktu tunda transportasi dan pencampuran fluida sebesar 7 detik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kontroler PID dengan parameter Kp = 0,0300; Ki = 0,00005; dan Kd = 0,6000 mampu menekan overshoot hingga rata-rata 2,33% dan mencapai steady-state error rata-rata 23,38 PPM (akurasi 97,66%), sedangkan metode On-Off yang menghasilkan overshoot rata-rata 16,31% dan berosilasi berkelanjutan tanpa pernah mencapai steady state. Dari sisi konsumsi energi, metode PID mencatatkan penggunaan daya rata-rata 9,56 Wh per siklus pengujian, atau lebih hemat 20% dibandingkan metode On-Off sebesar 11,95 Wh per siklus pengujian, melampaui target penghematan energi penelitian sebesar 5–10%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kontrol PID mampu meredam osilasi dan mencapai steady state yang tidak dicapai metode On-Off, sekaligus mencatatkan konsumsi energi yang lebih rendah pada kondisi pengujian yang sebanding.
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Nutrient solution concentration is a key parameter in hydroponic cultivation, represented by the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value in Parts Per Million (PPM). Conventional On-Off control methods commonly used in hydroponic systems with 20-liter tanks suffer from limitations such as oscillation around the setpoint and potential electrical energy waste caused by inrush currents during repetitive pump switching. This study aims to design and analyze a hydroponic nutrient PPM control system using an ESP32 microcontroller-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and to compare its performance against the On-Off control method regarding response energy efficiency. The prototype, based on the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) with a 20-liter tank, utilizes a TDS sensor for feedback, two PID-controlled nutrient pumps (via PWM signals), and one On-Off controlled water pump for dilution. PID parameters were initially determined using a Pure Integrator with Time Delay model and the Cohen-Coon tuning method, then refined through detuning to mitigate integral windup caused by a 7-second transport and fluid-mixing time delay. Test results demonstrate that the PID controller—with parameters Kp = 0.0300, Ki = 0.00005, and Kd = 0.6000—successfully limited overshoot to an average of 2.33% and achieved an average steady-state error of 23.38 PPM (97.66% accuracy). In contrast, the On-Off method produced an average overshoot of 16.31% and exhibited continuous oscillation without ever reaching a steady state. Regarding energy consumption, the PID method recorded an average power usage of 9.56 Wh per test cycle—20% more efficient than the On-Off method's 11.95 Wh—thereby exceeding the study's energy-saving target of 5–10%. These results demonstrate that PID control is capable of suppressing oscillations and achieving a steady state—outcomes not attained by the On-Off method—while also recording lower energy consumption under comparable testing conditions

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hidroponik, PPM, PID, On-Off, Efisiensi Energi listrik,Hydroponics, PPM, PID, On-Off, Energy Efficiency,
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Akbar Triatmanto
Date Deposited:	11 Aug 2026 02:54
Last Modified:	11 Aug 2026 02:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144299

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