Konfigurasi Komposit Hybrid Sisal-E-Glass pada Bilah Turbin Angin dengan Pendekatan Genetic Algorithm

Ariatedja, Julendra Bambang (2026) Konfigurasi Komposit Hybrid Sisal-E-Glass pada Bilah Turbin Angin dengan Pendekatan Genetic Algorithm. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kegagalan struktural yang terjadi pada bilah turbin angin berkapasitas 100 kW rancangan P3TKEBTKE di Sukabumi menjadi motivasi utama penelitian ini. Konsentrasi tegangan kritis teridentifikasi pada daerah transisi bilah akibat kombinasi gaya sentrifugal dan gaya aerodinamis. Ketergantungan bilah pada material E-Glass/Epoxy turut menimbulkan persoalan keberlanjutan, padahal Indonesia memiliki potensi serat alam yang melimpah, termasuk sisal, yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan pada komponen struktural utama. Berangkat dari kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan permasalahan yang mencakup karakter mekanik dan viskoelastik komposit hibrida serat alam-sintetis, pengaruh konfigurasi hibrida terhadap perilaku struktural bilah pada daerah transisi, serta perumusan rancangan hibrida melalui pendekatan Algoritma Genetika dan prosedur analitis berbasis Classical Lamination Theory. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama berfokus pada penyusunan basis data multiskala karakteristik mekanik komposit berpenguat serat alam, disertai pengembangan protokol karakterisasi viskoelastik dual-strain-rate pada material referensi. Pada tahap kedua, evaluasi struktural bilah P3TKEBTKE dilakukan melalui simulasi Fluid-Structure Interaction dan elemen hingga, dilanjutkan dengan benchmark optimasi single-objective menggunakan Algoritma Genetika pada konfigurasi E-Glass murni. Data Representative Volume Element antara E-Glass/Epoxy dan Sisal/Epoxy kemudian disintesis secara komparatif. Tahap ini ditutup dengan penyusunan rancangan acuan penempatan layup hibrida berbasis Classical Lamination Theory, konsisten dengan prinsip Algoritma Genetika single-objective yang telah dieksekusi. Evaluasi baseline mengidentifikasi kegagalan Tsai-Wu pada daerah transisi bilah, sesuai dengan lokasi retak aktual di lapangan. Sintesis RVE mengungkap gap kekakuan longitudinal antara sisal dan E-Glass sekitar 5,8 kali, jauh lebih besar dibandingkan gap pada arah transversal dan geser yang hanya berkisar 1,8 hingga 1,9 kali. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hibridisasi perlu dilakukan secara selektif berdasarkan posisi lamina. Prosedur analitis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa penyisipan lamina sisal di dekat sumbu netral dengan proporsi 40 persen mampu mempertahankan 94,7 persen kekakuan lentur, sekaligus mereduksi massa areal sebesar 13 persen, konsisten dengan kajian literatur hibridisasi sisal-E-Glass terpublikasi. Adapun protokol viskoelastik dual-strain-rate pada material referensi menghasilkan parameter kuantitatif dengan kualitas fitting tinggi, ditunjukkan oleh koefisien determinasi di atas 0,97, sebagai proof-of-concept untuk estimasi parameter viskoelastik pada material referensi, bukan pengganti langsung uji creep konvensional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hibridisasi selektif sisal-E-Glass yang ditempatkan berdasarkan prinsip kekakuan lentur menghasilkan rancangan komposit hibrida yang mampu mempertahankan performa struktural bilah turbin angin sekaligus mengurangi ketergantungan pada serat sintetis. Pendekatan Algoritma Genetika single-objective yang telah dieksekusi pada tahap benchmark menjadi dasar metodologis bagi rancangan ini, sementara formulasi multi-objektif yang mempertimbangkan safety factor, kekakuan, dan massa secara simultan ditetapkan sebagai agenda penelitian lanjutan.
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The structural failure of a 100 kW wind turbine blade designed by P3TKEBTKE in Sukabumi is the primary motivation for this research. A critical stress concentration was identified in the blade transition region, resulting from combined centrifugal and aerodynamic loading. The blade’s reliance on E-Glass/Epoxy material also raises sustainability concerns, even though Indonesia possesses abundant natural fiber resources, including sisal, that remain underutilized in primary structural components. uilding on this context, the research addresses the mechanical and viscoelastic characteristics of natural-synthetic hybrid composites, the influence of hybrid configuration on the blade’s structural behavior at the transition region, and the formulation of a hybrid design through a Genetic Algorithm approach combined with an analytical procedure based on Classical Lamination Theory. The research was carried out in two stages. The first stage developed a multi-scale database of the mechanical characteristics of natural-fiber-reinforced composites and a dual-strain-rate viscoelastic characterization protocol for the reference material. The second stage evaluated the P3TKEBTKE blade through Fluid-Structure Interaction and finite element simulation, followed by a single-objective Genetic Algorithm benchmark optimization on an all-E-Glass configuration. Representative Volume Element data for E-Glass/Epoxy and Sisal/Epoxy were then compared, before formulating a reference layup placement procedure for the hybrid composite based on Classical Lamination Theory, onsistent with the single-objective Genetic Algorithm principle already executed. The baseline evaluation identified Tsai-Wu failure in the blade transition region, consistent with the actual crack location observed in the field. The RVE synthesis revealed a longitudinal stiffness gap of approximately 5.8 times between sisal and E-Glass, considerably larger than the 1.8- to 1.9-fold gap in the transverse and shear directions. This indicates that hybridization must be applied selectively by lamina position. Inserting a sisal lamina near the neutral axis at 40 percent retains 94.7 percent of the bending stiffness while reducing areal mass by 13 percent, consistent with published sisal-E-Glass hybridization literature. The dual-strain-rate viscoelastic protocol also produced quantitative parameters with a high goodness of fit, indicated by a coefficient of determination above 0.97, as a proof-of-concept for viscoelastic parameter estimation on the reference material, rather than a direct substitute for conventional creep testing. This research concludes that selective sisal-E-Glass hybridization, positioned according to bending stiffness principles, yields a hybrid composite design that preserves the blade’s structural performance while reducing dependence on synthetic fiber. The single-objective Genetic Algorithm approach executed at the benchmark stage forms the methodological basis for this design, while a multi-objective formulation considering safety factor, stiffness, and mass simultaneously is established as an agenda for future research.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kata kunci: bilah turbin angin, komposit hibrida, Algoritma Genetika, serat sisal, viskoelastisitas ============ Keywords: hybrid composite, Genetic Algorithm, sisal fiber, viscoelasticity, wind turbine blade
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ828 Wind turbines
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Julendra Bambang Ariatedja
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2026 08:54
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2026 08:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144308

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