De Yong, Raul Javier (2026) Pembuatan Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Surabaya Timur Menggunakan Data Lidar dan Jaringan Saluran Sungai untuk Mendukung Mitigasi Genangan Air. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kota Surabaya, khususnya wilayah Surabaya Timur, mengalami perubahan morfologi permukaan tanah akibat pesatnya pembangunan infrastruktur, sementara topografinya yang relatif datar (elevasi 3–6 mdpl) membuat sistem drainase rentan terhadap kesalahan representasi aliran air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan Digital Terrain Model (DTM) yang akurat berbasis data Point Cloud LiDAR untuk mendukung analisis dan mitigasi genangan banjir di Surabaya Timur. Data LiDAR dari 57 flight diklasifikasikan menjadi titik tanah dan non-tanah menggunakan metode Cloth Simulation Filter (CSF) dan Grid Multiscale Curvature Classification (Grid MCC) dengan parameter default. Grid MCC menghasilkan titik tanah yang lebih selektif (23,66%) dibandingkan dengan CSF (27,56%). DTM diinterpolasi menggunakan metode Binning (Minimum Value) pada resolusi 0,5 m × 0,5 m dan divalidasi terhadap 20 titik Independent Check Point (ICP), menghasilkan RMSE < 0,20 m, MAE < 0,16 m, dan LE90 < 0,32 m, sehingga DTM Grid MCC dipilih sebagai model terbaik dan memenuhi ketelitian vertikal Kelas 2 skala 1:5.000. DTM tersebut diintegrasikan dengan 5 saluran primer dan 29 saluran sekunder melalui stream burning agar arah aliran permukaan konsisten dengan jaringan drainase eksisting, menghasilkan perubahan arah aliran pada 38,77% sel piksel. Simulasi genangan pada tiga skenario curah hujan (100, 134, dan 162 mm) menunjukkan bahwa stream burning meningkatkan kedalaman genangan rata-rata sebesar 0,0194 m, 0,0178 m, dan 0,0166 m dibandingkan tanpa stream burning, dengan mayoritas wilayah mengalami genangan dangkal (<0,3 m). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi jaringan drainase eksisting ke dalam DTM berbasis LiDAR mampu meningkatkan realisme representasi hidrologi permukaan sehingga mendukung perencanaan tata ruang dan mitigasi banjir yang lebih akurat.
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Surabaya City, particularly the East Surabaya area, has experienced changes in surface morphology due to rapid infrastructure development, while its relatively flat topography (3–6 m above mean sea level) makes the drainage system susceptible to inaccuracies in representing surface water flow. This study aims to develop an accurate LiDAR Point Cloud-based Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to support flood inundation analysis and mitigation in East Surabaya. LiDAR data acquired from 57 flight missions were classified into ground and non-ground points using the Cloth Simulation Filter (CSF) and Grid Multiscale Curvature Classification (Grid MCC) methods with default parameters. Grid MCC produced a more selective ground point classification (23.66%) than CSF (27.56%). The DTM was interpolated using the Binning (Minimum Value) method with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m × 0.5 m and validated against 20 Independent Check Points (ICPs), yielding RMSE < 0.20 m, MAE < 0.16 m, and LE90 < 0.32 m. Accordingly, the Grid MCC-based DTM was selected as the best model and met the vertical accuracy requirements for Class 2 at a 1:5,000 map scale. The selected DTM was integrated with five primary and 29 secondary drainage channels using the stream-burning method to ensure that surface flow directions were consistent with the existing drainage network, resulting in changes to flow direction in 38.77% of raster cells. Flood inundation simulations under three rainfall scenarios (100, 134, and 162 mm) showed that the application of stream burning increased the average inundation depth by 0.0194 m, 0.0178 m, and 0.0166 m, respectively, compared with simulations without stream burning, while most of the study area experienced shallow inundation (<0.3 m). These findings demonstrate that integrating the existing drainage network into a LiDAR-based DTM enhances the realism of surface hydrological representation, thereby supporting more accurate spatial planning and flood mitigation.
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