Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Komposisi Gas (CH₄, CO₂, Dan Kelembapan) Pada Reaktor Biogas

Ramadhani, Chairunnisa Nur (2026) Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Komposisi Gas (CH₄, CO₂, Dan Kelembapan) Pada Reaktor Biogas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 2042211005-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Biogas merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi anaerobik bahan organik, seperti kotoran ternak, dengan komponen utama berupa gas metana (CH₄) dan karbon dioksida (CO₂). Kualitas biogas dipengaruhi oleh komposisi gas dan kelembapan, sehingga diperlukan sistem monitoring yang mampu mengukur dan menampilkan data secara real-time untuk mendukung pemanfaatan biogas secara optimal. Monitoring secara manual umumnya memerlukan pengukuran langsung menggunakan alat ukur portabel yang kurang efisien karena tidak dapat memberikan informasi secara berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merancang, membangun, dan mengevaluasi performansi sistem monitoring komposisi biogas berbasis website yang mampu menampilkan data pengukuran secara real-time serta menyimpan data untuk keperluan pemantauan dan analisis. Sistem monitoring menggunakan sensor MQ-4 untuk mengukur konsentrasi gas metana (CH₄), sensor MQ-135 untuk mengukur konsentrasi gas karbon dioksida (CO₂), dan sensor AM2315 untuk mengukur kelembapan biogas. Ketiga sensor diintegrasikan dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai pengolah data sensor, ESP32 sebagai media komunikasi data, dan Raspberry Pi 4B sebagai server lokal. Data hasil pengukuran dikirim ke server melalui jaringan lokal, disimpan pada basis data MySQL, kemudian ditampilkan pada dashboard berbasis website dalam bentuk nilai pengukuran, grafik perubahan data, dan status kondisi biogas. Pengujian sistem dilakukan selama 1 jam dengan interval pengambilan data setiap 10 detik untuk mengevaluasi validasi sensor dan performansi sistem monitoring. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa sensor AM2315, MQ-4, dan MQ-135 memiliki akurasi masing-masing sebesar 99%, 98%, dan 87%, dengan nilai error berturut-turut sebesar 1%, 2%, dan 13%. Hasil uji performansi menunjukkan bahwa proses penyampaian data dari basis data MySQL ke dashboard memiliki rata-rata time delay sebesar 1,045 detik, dengan waktu tunda minimum 0,957 detik dan maksimum 1,105 detik. Seluruh data hasil pengukuran berhasil ditampilkan pada dashboard tanpa mengalami kehilangan maupun perubahan data, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki waktu respons yang stabil, menjaga integritas data selama proses transmisi, dan mampu menyajikan informasi kondisi biogas secara real-time.
===============================================================================================================================
Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic fermentation of organic materials, such as livestock manure, with methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) as its primary components. The quality of biogas is influenced by its gas composition and humidity, making a monitoring system capable of measuring and displaying data in real time essential to support its optimal utilization. Conventional monitoring generally relies on direct measurements using portable instruments, which are less efficient because they cannot provide continuous information. Therefore, this study aims to design, develop, and evaluate the performance of a website-based biogas composition monitoring system that can display real-time measurement data and store the data for monitoring and analysis purposes. The monitoring system employs an MQ-4 sensor to measure methane (CH₄) concentration, an MQ-135 sensor to measure carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, and an AM2315 sensor to measure biogas humidity. These sensors are integrated with an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller for sensor data processing, an ESP32 module for data communication, and a Raspberry Pi 4B as the local server. The measured data are transmitted to the server via a local network, stored in a MySQL database, and displayed on a website-based dashboard in the form of numerical values, historical trend graphs, and biogas condition status. System testing was conducted for one hour with a data acquisition interval of 10 seconds to evaluate sensor validation and the performance of the monitoring system. The validation results showed that the AM2315, MQ-4, and MQ-135 sensors achieved accuracies of 99%, 98%, and 87%, with corresponding error values of 1%, 2%, and 13%, respectively. The performance evaluation showed that the data transmission process from the MySQL database to the dashboard had an average time delay of 1.045 seconds, with a minimum delay of 0.957 seconds and a maximum delay of 1.105 seconds. Furthermore, all measurement data were successfully displayed on the dashboard without any data loss or data corruption, indicating that the system provides stable response times, maintains data integrity during transmission, and can present biogas condition information in real time.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biogas, Monitoring Real-Time, Metana, Karbon dioksida, Kelembapan. Biogas, Carbon Dioxide, Humidity, Methane, Real-Time Monitoring.
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC912.3 Greenhouse gases
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	Chairunnisa Nur Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	18 Aug 2026 07:21
Last Modified:	18 Aug 2026 07:21
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144356

Actions (login required)

View Item