Kajian Proses Bioaugmentasi Tanah Tercemar Kerosin

Paramata, Mulyani Zahra (2022) Kajian Proses Bioaugmentasi Tanah Tercemar Kerosin. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Setiap tahun, angka produktivitas pembuatan aspal semakin meningkat. Diketahui bahwa dari tahun 2002 hingga 2011, produktivitas aspal meningkat tajam hingga lebih dari 100.000 kali lipat. Angka tersebut diproyeksikan hingga saat ini dan kemungkinan dapat menjadi lebih tinggi. Peningkatan produktivitas tersebut sejalan dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis pelarut dalam proses pembuatan aspal. Salah satu bahan pelarut yang kerap digunakan adalah kerosin. Penggunaan kerosin berpotensi menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan di sekitar area penambangan aspal, khususnya akibat tumpahan atau kebocoran bahan tersebut. Pencemaran yang terjadi di sekitar lingkungan penambangan aspal dapat diremediasi menggunakan metode bioaugmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik dalam meremediasi tanah yang tercemar kerosin akibat aktivitas pengolahan material aspal. Tahap awal penelitian dilakukan dengan meremajakan kultur induk bakteri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan variasi media tercemar kerosin menggunakan tiga variasi perbandingan, yaitu 25:75, 50:50, dan 75:25. Selanjutnya, proses bioremediasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis ke dalam tanah yang tercemar kerosin, kemudian diamati penurunan kadar kerosin yang terjadi. Kadar kerosin ditentukan berdasarkan analisis penurunan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) menggunakan metode gravimetri. Selanjutnya, jumlah total bakteri dihitung menggunakan metode Colony Forming Unit (CFU) dengan teknik pour plate. Selain kedua parameter tersebut, parameter lain yang diuji meliputi pH, suhu, dan kadar air yang masing-masing diukur menggunakan pH meter tanah, termometer tanah, dan analisis gravimetri. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan grafik dan uji statistik untuk mengetahui korelasi antara penurunan TPH, jumlah dan jenis bakteri, serta konsentrasi pencemar kerosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju penurunan konsentrasi TPH tertinggi oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa mencapai 541,23 mg/kg/hari, sedangkan oleh Bacillus subtilis mencapai 523,52 mg/kg/hari. Kedua jenis bakteri tersebut tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam menurunkan nilai TPH. Sementara itu, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada ketiga variasi perbandingan pencemar. Variasi pencemar terbaik terdapat pada perbandingan pasir sebesar 25:75, dengan rata-rata penurunan konsentrasi TPH sebesar 57,57% oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sedangkan rata-rata penyisihan konsentrasi TPH oleh Bacillus subtilis sebesar 44,95%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, variasi pencemar yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar TPH pada tanah terdapat pada perbandingan 25:75 (pasir), karena memiliki laju degradasi konsentrasi TPH yang 1,7–1,8 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perbandingan 50:50 dan 10–11 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perbandingan 75:25.
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The productivity of asphalt production has increased every year. It is known that from 2002 to 2011, asphalt productivity increased sharply by more than 100,000-fold. This trend is projected to have continued to the present, potentially reaching even higher levels. The increase in asphalt productivity is accompanied by the use of various solvents in the asphalt production process. One of the commonly used solvents is kerosene. The use of kerosene has the potential to cause environmental contamination around asphalt mining areas, particularly as a result of spills or leaks. Contamination occurring around asphalt mining areas can be remediated using bioaugmentation methods. This study aimed to investigate the ability of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria to remediate kerosene-contaminated soil resulting from asphalt material processing activities. The initial stage of the study involved rejuvenating the bacterial stock culture, followed by preparing kerosene-contaminated media using three ratio variations: 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The bioremediation process was subsequently conducted by adding Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis to kerosene-contaminated soil and observing the resulting reduction in kerosene concentration. Kerosene removal was evaluated based on the reduction in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration using the gravimetric method. The total bacterial population was then determined using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) method with the pour plate technique. In addition to these two parameters, other parameters examined included pH, temperature, and moisture content, which were measured using a soil pH meter, soil thermometer, and gravimetric analysis, respectively. The resulting data were analyzed using graphical analysis and statistical tests to determine the correlations among TPH reduction, bacterial population and type, and kerosene contaminant concentration. The results showed that the highest TPH concentration reduction rate achieved by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 541.23 mg/kg/day, while Bacillus subtilis achieved 523.52 mg/kg/day. The two bacterial species did not exhibit a significant difference in their ability to reduce TPH concentrations. However, significant differences were observed among the three contaminant ratio variations. The most effective contaminant variation was the sand ratio of 25:75, which resulted in an average TPH concentration reduction of 57.57% by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Bacillus subtilis achieved an average TPH removal of 44.95%. Based on the results, the most effective contaminant variation for reducing TPH concentrations in soil was the 25:75 ratio (sand), as it produced a TPH degradation rate 1.7–1.8 times higher than that of the 50:50 ratio and 10–11 times higher than that of the 75:25 ratio.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asphalt, B. Subtilis, Bioaugmentation, Kerosene contaminated soil, P. Aeruginosa., TPH
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	31 Aug 2026 08:09
Last Modified:	01 Sep 2026 07:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144430

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