Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Sudu Terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Dan Performa Turbin Crossflow Berbasis CFD

Mahmudy, Azzam Radhia Ramadhany Al (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Sudu Terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Dan Performa Turbin Crossflow Berbasis CFD. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia memiliki potensi energi air melimpah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, khususnya pada sistem run-of-river berhead rendah. Reaction Cross-Flow Turbine menawarkan solusi efisien untuk PLTMH pada kondisi tersebut karena mampu memanfaatkan seluruh potensi head menggunakan draft tube. Desain referensi Lukeš et al. (2025) menggunakan 18 sudu yang ditentukan berdasarkan pertimbangan biaya, bukan optimasi efisiensi hidrodinamika. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variasi jumlah sudu (16, 18, dan 20) terhadap karakteristik aliran internal dan performa hidrolik turbin pada kondisi rancangan Q = 120 L/s, H = 5 m, dan N = 220 rpm, menggunakan simulasi 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) pada ANSYS Fluent dengan pendekatan URANS, model turbulensi SST k-omega, dan teknik Sliding Mesh untuk menangkap fenomena aliran transien. Metode numerik divalidasi terhadap data referensi pada konfigurasi 18 sudu, menghasilkan error rata-rata di bawah 2%. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi 16 sudu menghasilkan efisiensi hidrolik tertinggi sebesar 79,12% pada titik desain, melampaui hasil simulasi baseline 18 sudu (78,68%), sedangkan penambahan sudu menjadi 20 buah meningkatkan torsi dan daya mekanik namun menurunkan efisiensi akibat efek penyumbatan (blockage effect) pada celah antar-sudu yang lebih sempit. Analisis kontur tekanan, kecepatan, dan turbulence kinetic energy mengonfirmasi bahwa jumlah sudu lebih sedikit menghasilkan distribusi aliran lebih merata serta kerugian energi yang lebih kecil pada rentang variasi yang diuji dalam penelitian ini.
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Indonesia possesses abundant hydropower potential that remains underutilized, particularly in low-head run-of-river systems. The Reaction Cross-Flow Turbine offers an efficient solution for such conditions in Micro Hydro Power Plants by fully utilizing the available head through a draft tube. The reference design by Lukeš et al. (2025) employs 18 blades, determined by cost considerations rather than hydrodynamic optimization. This study analyzes the effect of blade number variation (16, 18, and 20) on the internal flow characteristics and hydraulic performance of the turbine at the design condition of Q = 120 L/s, H = 5 m, and N = 220 rpm, using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation in ANSYS Fluent with the URANS approach, SST k-omega turbulence model, and Sliding Mesh technique to capture transient flow phenomena. The numerical method was validated against reference data using the 18-blade configuration, yielding an average error below 2%. Results show that the 16-blade configuration achieved the highest hydraulic efficiency of 79.12% at the design point, surpassing the simulated 18-blade baseline (78.68%), while increasing the blade number to 20 raised torque and mechanical power but reduced efficiency due to a blockage effect in the narrower inter-blade channels. Pressure, velocity, and turbulence kinetic energy contour analyses confirmed that fewer blades produced more uniform flow distribution and lower energy losses within the tested range of this study.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Reaction Cross-Flow Turbine, Optimasi Jumlah Sudu, CFD, Efisiensi Hidrolik, PLTMH; Reaction Cross-Flow Turbine, Blade Number Optimization, CFD, Hydraulic Efficiency, Micro Hydropower Plant.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Azzam Radhia Ramadhany Al Mahmudy
Date Deposited:	21 Sep 2026 02:28
Last Modified:	21 Sep 2026 06:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144702

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