Perubahan Nllai-Nilai Rumah Tradisional Bali Pada Perkembangan Rumah Bali: Studi Kasus Rumah Tradisional Di Desa Adat Mengwi

Widja, I Made (2000) Perubahan Nllai-Nilai Rumah Tradisional Bali Pada Perkembangan Rumah Bali: Studi Kasus Rumah Tradisional Di Desa Adat Mengwi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.

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Abstract

Rumah Tradisional Bali, yang juga disebut Rumah Adat Bali, telah eksis sejak lama. Kemunculannya diperkirakan sekitar abad ke-11 dan diperkenalkan oleh Mpu Kuturan dari Jawa Timur, dengan konsep Tri Hita Karana yang diaplikasikan menjadi Parahyangan, Pawongan, dan Palemahan, serta konsep Tri Angga yang diwujudkan menjadi Kepala, Badan, dan Kaki. Konsep Dewa Nawa Sanga yang diaplikasikan menjadi Sanga Mandala merupakan pembagian wilayah menjadi sembilan bagian sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Perkembangan rumah Bali terus berlangsung seiring dengan perkembangan zaman. Rumah Bali kini ditempati oleh banyak keluarga, bale-bale berubah menjadi bangunan bergaya perkantoran, jineng dihilangkan, dan muncul bangunan-bangunan baru yang semakin menambah kompleksitas permasalahan. Sistem konstruksi sunduk mulai dihilangkan, penggunaan bahan alami ditinggalkan dan beralih menuju bahan modern keluaran pabrik, sedangkan ukuran yang berdasarkan tubuh manusia semakin ditinggalkan. Fenomena ini perlu dilihat dan dikaji secara lebih mendalam. Rumah sebagai suatu proses, menurut Turner, mengandung arti yang sangat mendalam. Rumah akan selalu berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan pemiliknya. Teori ini digunakan sebagai acuan untuk melihat permasalahan yang ada. Fenomena dan permasalahan yang timbul dirangkum dalam pertanyaan pokok: “Apakah benar rumah Bali berubah, sejauh mana perubahannya, dan bagaimana hubungannya dengan kemajuan masyarakatnya?” Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Adat Mengwi, yang merupakan desa tua dengan adat istiadat yang kuat, terletak di antara desa dan kota, serta memiliki kepadatan penduduk yang cukup tinggi. Terdapat 669 petak pekarangan milik desa adat. Pola cross road (Pempatan Agung) merupakan ciri yang menonjol pada desa-desa di Bali, dan Mengwi termasuk dalam tipologi cross road sehingga diharapkan dapat mewakili karakteristik desa-desa pada umumnya di Bali. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, dengan mengambil sampel sebesar 10% dari populasi, melalui penyebaran kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan sistem deskriptif dan membandingkan antara rumah tradisional Bali dengan rumah Bali sekarang, serta mencoba mencari hubungan antara kegiatan penghuni dengan perkembangan rumahnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan pada rumah secara fisik, namun nilai-nilai tradisional Bali masih tetap dipertahankan. Selain itu, hubungan antara kemajuan penghuni rumah dengan perubahan rumahnya menunjukkan keterkaitan yang sangat erat.
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Balinese Traditional Housing, also known as Balinese Customary Housing, has existed for a long time. Its emergence is estimated to date back to the 11th century and is associated with Mpu Kuturan from East Java. Its fundamental concepts include Tri Hita Karana, which is applied through Parahyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan, as well as Tri Angga, which is expressed through Kepala (head), Badan (body), and Kaki (feet). The concept of Dewa Nawa Sanga, applied through Sanga Mandala, divides an area into nine parts according to their respective functions and values. The development of Balinese traditional housing has continued along with changes in society and the passage of time. Balinese houses are now occupied by multiple families, bale-bale have been transformed into modern or office-like buildings, jineng or traditional granaries have been removed, and new buildings have been added, further increasing the complexity of the housing environment. The traditional sunduk construction system has gradually been abandoned, natural building materials have increasingly been replaced by modern factory-produced materials, and anthropometric dimensions based on the human body have gradually been disregarded. These phenomena require further examination. According to Turner, housing as a process has a profound meaning because a house continuously develops in accordance with the development of its occupants. This theory is used as a reference for examining the issues addressed in this research. The phenomena and problems identified are summarized in the main research question: “Does Balinese housing actually change, to what extent does it change, and how is this change related to the development of its occupants and society?” The research was conducted in Mengwi Customary Village, one of the oldest customary villages in Bali, characterized by strong customary traditions and located between rural and urban areas. The village has a relatively high population density and contains 669 housing plots owned by the customary village. The cross-road pattern, known as Pempatan Agung, is a prominent characteristic of Balinese customary villages, and Mengwi represents this cross-road typology; therefore, it is expected to represent the characteristics of Balinese villages in general. Data were collected using purposive sampling, with a sample comprising 10% of the population, through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The analysis was conducted descriptively by comparing traditional Balinese houses with contemporary Balinese houses and examining the relationship between the activities of the occupants and the development of their houses. The results indicate that physical changes have occurred in Balinese houses, while traditional Balinese values have generally been maintained. Furthermore, the development of the occupants and the changes in their houses are closely related.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Additional Information:	RT 720.959 8 Wid p
Subjects:	N Fine Arts > NA Architecture
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Architechture > 23101-(S2) Master Theses
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	24 Sep 2026 06:10
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2026 06:10
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144862

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