Pabrik Bio Pellet dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) dengan Proses Torrefaction

Hardiatmoko, Bagas and Defriana, Aulia (2022) Pabrik Bio Pellet dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) dengan Proses Torrefaction. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5008201100_5008201101-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (5MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Pabrik bio-pellet dari ampas tebu (bagasse) dilakukan dengan proses torrefaction. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk berjalan dengan kapasitas 60.000 ton per tahun. Proses dan kondisi yang tepat memengaruhi produk yang diperoleh. Bagasse akan dikonversi menjadi biopellet sebesar 47%. Bahan baku yang digunakan merupakan limbah dari pabrik gula. Selain itu, adanya program co-firing dari pemerintah dengan mencampur bahan bakar fosil dengan pellet biomassa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi terbarukan. Bahan baku bio-pellet yang digunakan adalah ampas tebu (bagasse). Pendirian pabrik bio-pellet direncanakan dibangun di dekat PG Kebon Agung, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, dengan pertimbangan ketersediaan bahan baku yang melimpah, ketersediaan air yang memadai, sumber energi listrik yang mencukupi, jumlah tenaga kerja usia produktif yang memenuhi, serta topografi daerah yang sesuai. Sebagai langkah pre-treatment, bagasse yang diterima masih dalam bentuk kasar (straw) dan diubah menjadi ukuran yang dapat diterima untuk proses selanjutnya, yaitu drying. Partikel direduksi melalui grinding dan masih berbentuk coarse. Size reduction ini dimaksudkan agar proses drying berjalan maksimal dengan luas permukaan kontak yang besar. Pada raw material, kadar air berkisar antara 30–50%. Tujuan pengeringan adalah untuk mengurangi kadar air hingga di bawah 6–15%, sehingga memungkinkan proses torrefaction berlangsung secara efisien. Ampas tebu diumpankan dan dikeringkan dengan proses direct heating. Biomassa melewati Rotary Drum Dryer. Selanjutnya, biomassa memasuki tahap torrefaction dengan memanaskan biomassa pada kisaran suhu 200–300°C dalam atmosfer tanpa oksigen dengan waktu tinggal tertentu. Sifat bahan baku akan berubah menjadi karbon dengan kualitas bahan bakar yang meningkat secara signifikan. Reaktor berbentuk drum berputar yang di dalamnya terdapat shaft sebagai sirkulasi produk. Drum diisolasi dan dipanaskan dari luar, tanpa kontak langsung antara aliran udara panas.
Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 40% dan pinjaman jangka pendek sebesar 60% dengan bunga 8,00% per tahun. Dari analisis ekonomi, didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp271.194.469.671 dan biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp85.725.605.002,70. Hasil penjualan produk per tahun sebesar Rp180.000.000.000 dengan IRR sebesar 14,49%, waktu pengembalian modal (payback period) 7,5 tahun, dan NPV sebesar Rp258.296.200.666. Berdasarkan data analisis kelayakan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan.
================================================================================================================================
The bio-pellet plant from bagasse is carried out using a torrefaction process. The plant is planned to operate with a capacity of 60,000 tons per year. The appropriate process and operating conditions affect the quality of the product obtained. Bagasse will be converted into bio-pellets with a conversion rate of 47%. The raw material used is waste from a sugar factory. In addition, there is a government co-firing program that involves mixing fossil fuels with biomass pellets to meet renewable energy needs. The raw material for the bio-pellets used in this plant is bagasse. The establishment of the bio-pellet plant is planned near PG Kebon Agung, Malang, East Java, taking into consideration the abundant availability of raw materials and water, adequate electrical energy sources, sufficient availability of workers of working age, and suitable regional topography.
As a pre-treatment step, the received bagasse is still in a coarse form (straw) and is reduced to an acceptable size for the next process, namely drying. The particles are reduced through grinding and remain in coarse form. This size reduction is intended to maximize the drying process by increasing the contact surface area. The moisture content of the raw material ranges from 30–50%. The objective of drying is to reduce the moisture content to below 6–15%, thereby enabling an efficient torrefaction process. Bagasse is fed and dried using a direct-heating process. The biomass (bagasse) passes through a Rotary Drum Dryer. It then enters the torrefaction stage, where the biomass is heated at a temperature range of 200–300°C in an oxygen-free atmosphere for a certain residence time. During this process, the characteristics of the raw material change into a carbon-rich material, significantly improving its fuel quality. The reactor is in the form of a rotating drum equipped with a shaft for product circulation. The drum is insulated and heated externally, without direct contact between the hot air flow and the biomass.
The source of investment funds consists of 40% equity and 60% short-term loans with an interest rate of 8% per year. Based on the economic analysis, the estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) is Rp271,194,469,671, while the operating expenditure (OPEX) is Rp85,725,605,002.70. The annual product sales revenue is Rp180,000,000,000, with an IRR of 14.49%, a payback period of 7.5 years, and an NPV of Rp258,296,200,666. Based on the feasibility analysis presented above, it can be concluded that the establishment of this plant is feasible.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	662.88 Har p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bio Pellet, Torrefaction, Bagasse , Bio Pellet, Torrefaction, Bagasse
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2026 01:45
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2026 01:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145053

Actions (login required)

View Item