Perancangan Pabrik Sodium Nitrat dari Sodium Hidroksida dan Asam Nitrat dengan Proses Sintesis

Hidayat, Rizky Azizah and Nisa, Akhda Choirun (2022) Perancangan Pabrik Sodium Nitrat dari Sodium Hidroksida dan Asam Nitrat dengan Proses Sintesis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sodium nitrat (NaNO₃) merupakan bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pupuk karena mengandung nitrogen yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dan berfungsi sebagai agen pengoksidasi. Penggunaan utamanya yaitu dalam pembuatan kaca optik dan artistik, layar televisi dan kaca serat, cat, bahan peledak, dinamit, briket arang, dan lain-lain. Berdasarkan data BPS, konsumsi sodium nitrat setiap tahun mengalami kenaikan. Akan tetapi, dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sodium nitrat di Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengimpor dikarenakan di Indonesia masih belum terdapat pabrik yang memproduksi sodium nitrat secara mandiri.
Pembuatan sodium nitrat dari asam nitrat dan sodium hidroksida dengan proses sintesis melalui 5 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu sodium hidroksida (NaOH) 40% direaksikan dengan asam nitrat (HNO₃) 53% untuk membentuk sodium nitrat. Tahap kedua yaitu proses kristalisasi untuk mengkristalkan larutan sodium nitrat (NaNO₃). Tahap ketiga yaitu proses pemisahan antara kristal NaNO₃ dengan mother liquor. Tahap keempat yaitu proses drying untuk mengurangi kadar air pada kristal NaNO₃. Tahap terakhir yaitu proses pengemasan sodium nitrat (NaNO₃).
Pabrik ini didirikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sodium nitrat dalam negeri. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinu selama 24 jam per hari dan 330 hari per tahun dengan kapasitas produksi 48.000 ton/tahun. Sumber dana investasi untuk pendirian pabrik berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 40% dan 60% modal pinjaman, dengan biaya investasi dan bunga sebesar 6% per tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan analisis ekonomi, diperoleh Total Capital Investment sebesar Rp225.487.410.435, nilai penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp191.664.298.870, biaya produksi (OPEX) sebesar Rp251.817.529.208,43, laju pengembalian modal/Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 23,14%, laju inflasi sebesar Rp225.113.383.193 per tahun, waktu pengembalian modal/Pay Out Time (POT) sebesar 4,05 tahun, dan titik impas/Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 37,38%. Sehingga, berdasarkan analisis BEP, NPV, POT, dan IRR, pabrik sodium nitrat ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) is a material used in fertilizers because it contains nitrogen, which is needed by plants, and also functions as an oxidizing agent. Its main uses include the manufacture of optical and artistic glass, television screens and fiberglass, paints, explosives, dynamite, charcoal briquettes, and others. Based on BPS data, sodium nitrate consumption has increased every year. To fulfill the demand for sodium nitrate in Indonesia, the required supply is currently met through imports because there are no factories in Indonesia that produce sodium nitrate domestically.
The sodium nitrate synthesis process from nitric acid and sodium hydroxide consists of five steps. The first step is the reaction of 40% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with 53% nitric acid (HNO₃) to form sodium nitrate (NaNO₃). The second step is the crystallization process of the sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) solution. The next step is the separation process between the sodium nitrate crystals and the mother liquor. The fourth step is the drying process of the sodium nitrate crystals to reduce their water content. The final step is the packaging process of sodium nitrate.
This factory is established to fulfill the domestic demand for sodium nitrate. It is planned to operate continuously for 24 hours per day and 330 days per year, with a production capacity of 48,000 tons/year. The investment for establishing the factory consists of 40% equity capital and 60% loan capital, with an investment interest rate of 6% per year. Based on the economic analysis, the Total Capital Investment is Rp225,487,410,435, the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) is Rp191,664,298,870, and the Operating Expense (OPEX) is Rp251,817,529,208.43. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 23.14%, the Inflation Rate is Rp225,113,383,193 per year, the Pay Out Time (POT) is 4.05 years, and the Break Even Point (BEP) is 37.38%. Based on the BEP, NPV, POT, and IRR analyses, this sodium nitrate plant is considered feasible to establish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	661.322 Hid p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asam Nitrat, Proses Produksi, Sodium Hidroksida, dan Sodium Nitrat , Nitric Acid, Production Process, Sodium Hydroxide, and Sodium Nitrate.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2026 02:31
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2026 02:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145059

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