Pra Desain Pabrik Kimia Gliserol dari Recovery Minyak Spent Bleaching Earth

Jayadi, Muhammad Fakhri and Rizkiyani, Fatiya (2022) Pra Desain Pabrik Kimia Gliserol dari Recovery Minyak Spent Bleaching Earth. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Keberadaan industri kelapa sawit Indonesia yang menghasilkan minyak kelapa sawit dan turunannya menjadi andalan utama ekspor komoditas perkebunan. Proses pemucatan (bleaching) CPO bertujuan untuk menghilangkan zat warna yang tidak diinginkan dalam minyak sehingga dihasilkan minyak yang lebih jernih dengan menggunakan adsorben (bentonit, activated clay, atau arang aktif). Industri pemurnian CPO di Indonesia umumnya menggunakan Ca-bentonit sebagai bleaching agent. Kebutuhan akan bleaching earth, khususnya bentonit, setiap tahun semakin meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya industri minyak nabati. Namun, di sisi lain, bentonit merupakan bahan yang tidak dapat diperbarui. Limbah ini masih mengandung 20–30% minyak nabati. Pada umumnya, industri minyak akan membuang limbah bahan pemucat pada suatu lahan. Tingginya kandungan minyak nabati pada limbah bahan pemucat sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sehingga perlu dilakukan recovery. Selain itu, limbah bahan pemucat dapat dilakukan proses regenerasi untuk digunakan kembali dalam proses pemurnian minyak nabati. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, pendirian Pabrik Gliserol dari Recovery Minyak Spent Bleaching Earth merupakan salah satu solusi yang tepat. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan berdiri tahun 2026 di Kawasan Industri Gresik, Jawa Timur. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dalam mensubstitusi impor gliserol, maka dirancang pabrik gliserol dengan kapasitas 5.000 ton/tahun yang beroperasi secara kontinu selama 24 jam/hari dan 330 hari dalam setahun. Proses pembuatan gliserol melalui beberapa tahapan proses, yaitu proses ekstraksi minyak dari spent bleaching earth, continuous fat splitting, dan proses purifikasi gliserol. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan secara semi-batch dengan 3 batch operasi per hari. Selanjutnya, hasil recovery minyak dilanjutkan ke proses fat splitting dengan metode continuous untuk menghasilkan gliserol. Gliserol yang telah dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan pemurnian atau purifikasi hingga konsentrasinya mencapai 99%. Pabrik ini memiliki modal tetap sebesar Rp256.892.589.233 dan modal kerja sebesar Rp568.928.715.929. Dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode discounted cash flow diperoleh nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp622.817.196.601,220 dengan WACC 8,33%. Laju pengembalian modal (Internal Rate of Return) sebesar 32,64% per tahun. Waktu pengembalian modal (Pay Out Time) adalah 8 tahun 9 bulan. Titik impas (Break Even Point) sebesar 40,40%. Sensitivitas terhadap IRR akan menguntungkan saat harga bahan baku dan modal tetap mengalami penurunan nilai, serta harga jual produk mengalami peningkatan nilai. Dari aspek sosial dan lingkungan, pembangunan pabrik ini akan membuka lapangan pekerjaan baru yang dapat mengurangi angka pengangguran di Provinsi Jawa Timur sebesar 0,02% dengan total penyerapan tenaga kerja sebanyak 126 orang. Dari segi lingkungan, pabrik ini akan mengurangi limbah SBE yang berasal dari PT Wilmar Nabati Gresik sebesar 132.475,014 ton/tahun. Berdasarkan aspek teknis, ekonomis, sosial, dan lingkungan yang telah dilakukan, maka Pra Desain Pabrik Gliserol dari Recovery Minyak Spent Bleaching Earth layak untuk didirikan.
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Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The Indonesian palm oil industry, which produces palm oil and its derivatives, has become a mainstay of plantation commodity exports. The CPO bleaching process aims to remove unwanted pigments from the oil to produce a clearer oil using adsorbents such as bentonite, activated clay, or activated charcoal. The CPO refining industry in Indonesia generally uses Ca-bentonite as a bleaching agent. The demand for bleaching earth, particularly bentonite, is increasing every year along with the development of the vegetable oil industry. However, on the other hand, bentonite is a non-renewable resource. This waste still contains 20–30% vegetable oil. In general, the oil industry disposes of bleaching earth waste in landfills. The high content of vegetable oil in bleaching earth waste has significant potential for recovery, while the spent bleaching earth can also undergo a regeneration process for reuse in the vegetable oil refining process. Therefore, to address these issues, the establishment of a Glycerol Plant from Spent Bleaching Earth Oil Recovery is one potential solution. This plant is planned to be established in 2026 in the Gresik Industrial Estate, East Java. To meet domestic demand and substitute glycerol imports, a glycerol plant with a capacity of 5,000 tons/year is designed to operate continuously for 24 hours/day and 330 days/year. The glycerol production process consists of several stages, namely oil extraction from spent bleaching earth, continuous fat splitting, and glycerol purification. The extraction process is carried out semi-batch with 3 batch operations per day. Furthermore, the recovered oil is processed through continuous fat splitting to produce glycerol. The glycerol produced is then purified until a concentration of 99% is achieved. This plant has a fixed capital of Rp256,892,589,233 and working capital of Rp568,928,715,929. Based on calculations using the discounted cash flow method, the Net Present Value (NPV) is Rp622,817,196,601.220 with a WACC of 8.33%. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 32.64% per year. The Pay Out Time (POT) is 8 years and 9 months. The Break Even Point (BEP) is 40.40%. The sensitivity analysis of IRR indicates that the return is affected by changes in raw material prices, fixed capital, and product selling prices. From the social and environmental aspects, the construction of this plant will create new job opportunities, potentially reducing the unemployment rate in East Java Province by 0.02%, with a total employment of 126 people. From an environmental perspective, this plant will reduce SBE waste from PT Wilmar Nabati Gresik by 132,475.014 tons/year. Based on the technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects that have been evaluated, the Pre-Designed Glycerol Plant from Spent Bleaching Earth Oil Recovery is feasible to be established.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Additional Information: 668.2 Jay p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords: Gliserol, Minyak, Recovery, Splent Bleaching Earth , Glycerol, Oil, Recovery, Splent Bleaching Earth
Subjects: T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: magang .
Date Deposited: 01 Oct 2026 03:03
Last Modified: 01 Oct 2026 03:03
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145121

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