Pra Desain Pabrik Bauksit Grade Refraktori dari Bauksit Kalimantan

Setiawan, Brian and Aminnanda, Muhammad Dadik (2022) Pra Desain Pabrik Bauksit Grade Refraktori dari Bauksit Kalimantan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia mengimpor 210.000 ton per tahun bauksit grade refraktori sebagai bahan baku pembuatan produk refraktori nasional. Diperlukan pabrik bauksit grade refraktori untuk mengolah kekayaan bauksit Indonesia, khususnya di Tayan, Kalimantan Barat, sebagai tempat dengan cadangan bauksit yang besar yang diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan impor sesuai dengan baku mutu. Tercapainya baku mutu ini dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kadar alumina serta memisahkannya dari kadar besi oksida dan zat pengotor lain dari bauksit Tayan agar terbentuk fasa korundum dan mullite yang merupakan kontributor sifat refraktori. Maka dari itu, pabrik bauksit grade refraktori di Tayan dengan kapasitas 250.000 ton/tahun diperlukan dengan kebutuhan bahan baku bauksit sebesar 491.040 ton/tahun. Bahan baku akan mengalami pre-treatment dengan cara size reduction dan scrubbing untuk kemudian diolah dengan proses leaching menggunakan asam klorida (HCl) di dalam continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) yang dipasang seri. Leaching dilakukan untuk melarutkan pengotor besi oksida dan pengotor lainnya dengan mempertahankan kandungan alumina. Hasil leaching dipisahkan antara yang kaya akan alumina dan yang mengandung pengotor untuk kemudian dikalsinasi. Kalsinasi dimulai dengan multi-stage preheater dan precalciner sebelum masuk ke alat utama, yaitu Rotary Kiln, tempat berlangsungnya proses sintering dan perubahan kristal mineral gibbsite menjadi korundum dan mullite. Hasil proses sintering kemudian didinginkan menggunakan grate cooler. Pabrik ini membutuhkan investasi awal sebesar $67.290.615,64 atau sebesar Rp972.349.396.068,29, di mana setelah proses konstruksi selama 5 tahun dan operasi selama 20 tahun, didapatkan nilai IRR sebesar 20,02% dan Pay Out Time selama 12,37 tahun, dengan WACC sebesar 13%.
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Indonesia imports 210,000 tons per year of refractory-grade bauxite as a raw material for the manufacture of national refractory products. A refractory-grade bauxite plant is needed to process Indonesia’s abundant bauxite resources, particularly in Tayan, West Kalimantan, which has large bauxite reserves that can help meet domestic demand and reduce imports while complying with quality standards. Achieving these quality standards can be accomplished by increasing the alumina content and separating it from iron oxide and other impurities in Tayan bauxite to form corundum and mullite phases, which contribute to refractory properties. Therefore, a Refractory-Grade Bauxite Plant in Tayan with a capacity of 250,000 tons/year is planned, requiring 491,040 tons/year of bauxite as the raw material. The raw material will undergo pre-treatment through size reduction and scrubbing before being processed by leaching using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a series of continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs). Leaching is carried out to dissolve iron oxide and other impurities while maintaining the alumina content. The leaching product is then separated into an alumina-rich fraction and an impurity-containing fraction before being subjected to calcination. Calcination begins with a multi-stage preheater and precalciner before entering the main equipment, a rotary kiln, where sintering occurs along with the transformation of gibbsite mineral crystals into corundum and mullite. The sintered product is then cooled using a grate cooler. This plant requires an initial investment of $67,290,615.64 or Rp972,349,396,068.29. After a construction period of 5 years and an operating period of 20 years, the plant is estimated to achieve an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 20.02% and a Pay Out Time (POT) of 12.37 years, with a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 13%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	661.067 3 Set p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bauksit, kalsinasi, leaching, refraktori , bauxite, calcination, leaching, refractory
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN775 Aluminum alloys--Metallurgy.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	02 Oct 2026 06:50
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2026 06:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145191

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