Pra Desain Pabrik Fenol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Suhadi, Elena and Sylviana, Annisa (2022) Pra Desain Pabrik Fenol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fenol merupakan senyawa kimia dengan rumus molekul C₆H₆O. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah terbesar dari pabrik yang menggunakan kelapa sawit sebagai bahan utamanya, yaitu sekitar 23% dari jumlah tandan buah segar, sehingga sampai saat ini masih sangat melimpah. Komponen utama TKKS yaitu lignin, selulosa, dan hemiselulosa. Lignin inilah yang akan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuatan fenol. Metode yang dipilih adalah proses pirolisis.
Proses produksi fenol dari TKKS terbagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu proses pre-treatment, proses utama (pirolisis), dan proses pemurnian fenol. Proses pre-treatment dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu proses grinding dan proses hidrolisis. Proses selanjutnya yaitu proses pirolisis dilakukan pada fluidized bed reactor dengan pemanasan menggunakan N₂. Setelah itu, proses pemurnian fenol terbagi menjadi dua proses, yaitu proses ekstraksi dan proses distilasi. Kemudian, ditetapkan kapasitas pabrik fenol sebesar 30.000 ton/tahun.
Pabrik fenol dari TKKS akan didirikan di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Penentuan lokasi ini didasarkan pada lokasi pabrik yang dekat dengan produsen bahan baku, dekat dengan ibu kota Provinsi Riau, yaitu Kota Pekanbaru, serta ketersediaan tenaga kerja yang mencukupi. Dengan didirikannya pabrik fenol dari TKKS ini, diharapkan mampu menyerap tenaga kerja sehingga dapat membantu mengurangi tingkat pengangguran di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Pabrik direncanakan mulai dibangun pada tahun 2022 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2025. Investasi pembangunan pabrik berasal dari modal sendiri (equity) dan modal pinjaman bank (loan), dengan laju inflasi sebesar 1,75% per tahun dan suku bunga bank sebesar 8% per tahun. Total biaya bahan baku sebesar Rp326.068.953.366 per tahun. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dari pabrik terkait adalah sebesar 29,73%, dengan Pay Out Time selama 5 tahun 11 bulan serta nilai Break Even Point sebesar 33,08%. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk beroperasi dengan proses semi-batch-continuous selama 24 jam per hari dan 330 hari per tahun, dengan rencana kapasitas produksi sebesar 90 ton/hari.
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Phenol is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C₆H₆O. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are the largest waste generated by factories that use palm oil as their main raw material, accounting for approximately 23% of the total fresh fruit bunches. Therefore, OPEFB remains abundantly available. The main components of OPEFB are lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The lignin will be utilized as a raw material for phenol production. The selected method is the pyrolysis process.

The phenol production process from OPEFB is divided into three parts, namely the pre-treatment process, the main process (pyrolysis), and the phenol purification process. The pre-treatment process is divided into two stages, namely grinding and hydrolysis. The next stage is the pyrolysis process, which is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor using N₂ as the heating medium. Subsequently, the phenol purification process is divided into two stages, namely extraction and distillation. The phenol plant is designed with a production capacity of 30,000 tons/year. The phenol plant from OPEFB will be established in Dumai City, Riau Province.

The location is selected based on its proximity to raw material producers, its proximity to the capital city of Riau Province, namely Pekanbaru City, and the availability of sufficient manpower. The establishment of the phenol plant from OPEFB is expected to create employment opportunities and help reduce the unemployment rate in Dumai City, Riau Province. The plant is planned to begin construction in 2022 and start operations in 2025. The investment for plant construction will come from equity and bank loans, with an inflation rate of 1.75% per year and a bank interest rate of 8% per year. The total raw material cost is Rp326,068,953,366 per year. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the plant is 29.73%, with a Pay Out Time of 5 years and 11 months and a Break Even Point (BEP) of 33.08%. The plant is planned to operate using a semi-batch-continuous process for 24 hours per day and 330 days per year, with a planned production capacity of 90 tons/day.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	661.804 Suh p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fenol, Lignin, Lignoselulosa, Pirolisis, TKKS , Lignin, Lignocellulose, OPEFB, Phenol, Pyrolysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	02 Oct 2026 07:33
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2026 07:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145202

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