Rancang bangun sistem kontrol tekanan dan debit aliran pada miniplant PDAM dalam upaya pencegahan kebocoran pipa PVC

Hadi, Ega Prawira (2022) Rancang bangun sistem kontrol tekanan dan debit aliran pada miniplant PDAM dalam upaya pencegahan kebocoran pipa PVC. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pendistribusian air PDAM saat ini mengalami tingkat kehilangan air mencapai 35%, yang jauh dari target pemerintah sebesar 20%. Kekurangan dari pendistribusian PDAM saat ini yang mengakibatkan tingkat kehilangan air tinggi adalah kurangnya manajemen pipa, manajemen alat meteran pengukuran, dan manajemen tekanan. Pada penelitian ini dibuat miniplant PDAM menggunakan pipa PVC sebagai simulasi untuk menunjukkan aksi solenoid valve sebagai pengontrol tekanan dan debit air terhadap variasi kebocoran dan aliran yang dimampatkan atau valve ditutup. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memonitor perbedaan tekanan dan debit aliran apabila menggunakan globe valve dan ball valve sebagai pembanding dalam mengontrol tekanan dan debit pada rumah pelanggan. Hasil validasi sensor tekanan dari rata-rata keempat sensor menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 99,587% dan ketidakakuratan sebesar 0,413%. Hasil validasi sensor debit dari rata-rata keempat sensor menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 97,558% dan ketidakakuratan sebesar 2,442%. Hasil pengujian sistem terhadap kontrol tekanan menunjukkan bahwa solenoid valve bekerja sesuai dengan set point dalam mengontrol tekanan, meskipun mengalami kelebihan tekanan yang cukup tinggi dan kemudian kembali ke set point. Hal tersebut dimungkinkan karena proses penutupan valve meteran rumah pelanggan kurang cepat sehingga masih terdapat sedikit air yang lolos dan menyebabkan tekanan berkurang. Hasil pengujian sistem terhadap kontrol kebocoran pipa menunjukkan bahwa solenoid valve bekerja sesuai dengan set point dalam mengontrol kebocoran pipa, meskipun mengalami rasio yang cukup tinggi dan segera kembali ke 0 akibat tidak adanya aliran yang mengalir. Rasio yang terlalu tinggi disebabkan oleh aliran setelah solenoid valve semakin melambat, sedangkan debit sebelum solenoid valve masih bergerak untuk memenuhi ruang yang masih kosong di dalam pipa hingga tidak ada aliran air yang bergerak.
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The current PDAM water distribution system experiences a water loss rate of 35%, which is far above the government’s target of 20%. The drawbacks of the current PDAM distribution system that contribute to the high water loss rate include inadequate pipe management, metering equipment management, and pressure management. In this study, a PDAM miniplant was developed using PVC pipes as a simulation to demonstrate the operation of a solenoid valve as a controller of water pressure and flow rate under various leakage conditions and when the flow is restricted or the valve is closed. In addition, this research monitors differences in pressure and flow rate when using a globe valve and a ball valve as comparisons for controlling pressure and flow rate at the customer’s house. The validation results for the four pressure sensors showed an average accuracy of 99.587% and an inaccuracy of 0.413%. The validation results for the four flow rate sensors showed an average accuracy of 97.558% and an inaccuracy of 2.442%. The system testing results for pressure control showed that the solenoid valve operated according to the set point in controlling pressure, although a relatively high pressure overshoot occurred before returning to the set point. This may have been caused by the customer’s meter valve not closing quickly enough, allowing a small amount of water to pass through and consequently reducing the pressure. The system testing results for pipe leakage control showed that the solenoid valve operated according to the set point in controlling pipe leakage, although the ratio was relatively high and immediately returned to 0 due to the absence of flow. The high ratio was caused by the flow after the solenoid valve becoming slower, while the flow before the solenoid valve continued to move to fill the empty space inside the pipe until there was no longer any moving water flow.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	629.8 Had r-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	debit, kebocoran, pipa PVC, solenoid valve, tekanan, pressure, flow rate, leakage, PVC pipe, solenoid valve
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ213 Automatic control.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2026 03:24
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2026 03:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145240

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