SLAMET, AGUS (2016) PENINGKATAN FUNGSI BOEZEM MOROKREMBANGAN SEBAGAI PENGOLAH AIR LIMBAH PERKOTAAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM ALGA – BAKTERI. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Boezem Morokrembangan merupakan salah satu Boezem terbesar di Kota
Surabaya. Boezem berfungsi ganda, sebagai pengendali banjir, menampung air
limbah perkotaan dengan area pelayanan ± 25% wilayah Kota Surabaya. Saat ini,
Boezem tercemar berat, cepat terjadi pendangkalan, air efluen tidak memenuhi
BMA Klas IV PP No.82/2001. Upaya peningkatan fungsi Boezem sebagai
pengolah air limbah layak dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kinerja sistim
alga-bakteri untuk pengolah air limbah domestik dalam Boezem. Kajian kinerja
eksisting Boezem dan kemampuan sistim alga-bakteri mengolah air limbah dalam
skala laboratorium merupakan bagian penting dalam penelitian ini.
Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama, kajian lapangan
terkait kuantitas dan kualitas air limbah domestik, kinerja Boezem, dan dominasi
spesies alga pada dua musim. Tahap kedua, kajian faktor lingkungan pada kinerja
sistim alga-bakteri menggunakan HRAP skala laboratorium dengan proses batch
dan aliran kontinyu. Faktor lingkungan dikaji pada uji kinerja proses meliputi
durasi pencahayaan, kedalaman air, aerasi, salinitas dan waktu tinggal. Tahap
ketiga, kajian Boezem sebagai pengolah air limbah berdasar hasil tahap 1 dan 2.
Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan perencanaan berdasarkan
biokinetika proses HRAP yang telah dikembangkan peneliti terdahulu
Karakteristik air limbah domestik influen Boezem Morokrembangan
meliputi rasio BOD/COD; N-NH3
+/P-PO4
=; Nt/Pt; surfaktan; salinitas dan pH
memenuhi persyaratan pertumbuhan alga-bakteri. Boezem telah kehilangan
kemampuan pemulihan diri akibat besarnya beban pencemar. Penelitian tahap ke
dua menunjukkan bahwa sistem alga-bakteri mampu mengolah air limbah influen Boezem. Hasil terbaik HRAP dioperasikan dengan pencahayaan secara alamiah
dengan HRT > 1,5 hari, dan kedalaman air 0,2 – 0,6 m. Penelitian menghasilkan
nilai koefisien biokinetik tidak jauh berbeda dari hasil peneliti terdahulu dengan
air limbah buatan dan kultur alga murni. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa
Boezem hanya mampu mengolah air limbah domestik dengan konsentrasi BOD
maksimum 31 mg/L. Sistem alga-bakteri dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengolahan
air limbah domestik influen Boezem dengan beberapa upaya pengelolaan.
Pengelolaan Boezem meliputi pengendalian sedimen, kontrol HRT, penyediaan
bakteri aktif untuk menjaga rasio alga/bakteri ± 0,004 dan penambahan aerasi.
Media biofiltrasi dapat membantu pengendalian sedimentasi sekaligus penyedia
biomassa aktif dari biofilm yang terlepas. Pemanfaatan sistem alga-bakteri dapat
meningkatkan fungsi Boezem sebagai pengolah air limbah domestik sekaligus
menyerap emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan.
=======================================================================================================
Boezem Morokrembangan is one of the largest retention ponds in
Surabaya, which is used as a flood controller, and retaining untreated wastewater
from around 25% of Surabaya service areas. Currently, this Boezem is heavily
polluted and prone to silting. Moreover, according to Government Regulation (PP
82/2001), its effluent does not meet the forth grade of Surface Water Standard.
The efforts to increase Bozem function as wastewater treatment worth doing. The
objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of algae-bacteria system
to recover Morokrembangan Boezem. This research examines the existing
Boezem self purification performance and capability via algal-bacterial system at
high rate alga pond (HRAP) conducted at laboratory scale. The results are then
used as a basic analysis for Boezem recovery.
Research was carried out in three phases. The first phase was field
observation on the quantity and quality of influent wastewater, the Boezem
performance and the majority of algae species in the Boezem. Next, the second
phase was to understand the effect of environmental factors on the performance of
algal-bacterial system via HRAP in a laboratory scale. The experiments were
performed in two different systems (i.e., batch and continuous flow) and five
variables of environmental factors (i.e., duration of lighting exposure, water
depth, additional aeration, salinity, and retention time). The third phase was
analyses the capability of Boezem recovery using the results of two previous
phases with HRAP equations that has been developed by previous researchers.
First phase research showed that the carrying capacity of
Morokrembangan Boezem has been lost, and the wastewater quality on influent
was still met the requirement for growth and development of algae-bacteria
system. The wastewater quality parameters i.e., BOD/COD, N-NH3
+/P-PO4
=;
Nt/Pt; surfactants, salinity, and pH. The second phase research indicate that natural
lighting and additional aeration result better performance of algal-bacterial system for treating urban wastewater.The value of biokinetic coefficient of algal-bacterial
system were not considerably different from the results of previous researchers.
The result of analysis showed that algal-bacterial system can not be used directly
to recover Boezem performance. The system still can be used to treat wastewater
on influent Boezem, but need several operational requirement to meet the effluent
quality standard. The operational requieremenet i.e., Control sediment, HRT and
added aeration on Boezem. HRAP system was only be able to treat urban
wastewater with maximum BOD of 31 mg/L. However, by maintaining water
depth, keep the ratio of algal/bacterial ± 0.004, and the concentration of active
biomass, adding aeration during night, algal-bacterial can be used to treat for all
influent of wastewater. Furthermore, biofiltration media can be used to help in
controlling sedimentation so that increase the remediation, and to provide active
bacteria for HRAP system. Utilization of algae-bacterial system can improve
Boezem function as urban waste water treatment from its catchment area as well
as an absorber of CO2 emissions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sistem alga-bakteri, Boezem Morokrembangan, HRAP |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Fandika aqsa |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2017 02:18 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Dec 2018 07:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/1500 |
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