Putri, Tesya Paramita (2017) Uji kemampuan Bakteri Bacillus Subtilis dalam penyisihan Logam Kromium pada tanah tercemar Kromium. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kegiatan industri elektroplating, penyamakan kulit dan industri logam menghasilkan limbah cair mengandung logam berat kromium. Kromium merupakan salah satu logam berat yang memiliki sifat toksik sehingga membahayakan bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Kromium yang terlepas sebagai limbah seringkali dalam bentuk Cr(III) dan Cr(VI). Pencemaran kromium di tanah terjadi akibat air limbah atau sludge industri yang sengaja dibuang dengan konsentrasi yang melebihi baku mutu. Bioremediasi merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan pada upaya meremediasi lahan yang tercemar oleh logam berat. Bacillus subtilis merupakan bakteri yang telah banyak diteliti sebagai bakteri penyisihan kromium pada tanah tercemar kromium. Bakteri Bacillus subtilis resisten pada limbah yang mengandung konsentrasi kromium cukup tinggi.
Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi kromium dan variasi persentase penambahan volume bakteri. Variasi konsentrasi kromium yang digunakan adalah 100,75,50 mg/L (38, 29, 19 mg/kg). Reaktor yang digunakan sebanyak 8 reaktor yaitu 6 reaktor utama dan 2 reaktor kontrol dengan sistem duplo. Penentuan variasi penambahan volume bakteri diuji terlebih dahulu pada persentase 0%,5%,10% dan 15% satuan volume per volume bulk density. Penelitian ini menggunakan tanah artifisial dari tanah pasir sungai sebesar 425 gram ditambah dengan larutan CrCl3 sampai 100% bulk density tanah pasir. Waktu penelitian dilakukan selama 14 hari. Parameter yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah pH tanah, suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, jumlah koloni bakteri dengan metode CFU (Colony Forming Unit) dan total kromium dengan uji AAS (Atomic Absorbantion Spectroscopy)
Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk menentukan volume bakteri yang ditambahkan pada reaktor, melalui metode CFU (Colony Forming Unit) didapatkan persentase penambahan jumlah bakteri dalam reaktor yang tercemar kromium adalah penambahan 15% volume bakteri per volume bulk density tanah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pendahuluan tersebut , selanjutnya dilakukan uji penyisihan kromium dengan 2 macam perlakuan yaitu tanpa penambahan bakteri dan penambahan 15% jumlah bakteri. Persentase penyisihan kromium pada reaktor tanpa penambahan bakteri Bacillus subtilis tertinggi yaitu sebesar 31% ditunjukkan reaktor dengan kosentrasi penambahan kromium 50 mg/L (19 mg/kg). Persentase penyisihan kromium pada reaktor dengan penambahan 15% bakteri Bacillus subtilis yaitu sebesar 11% ditunjukkan reaktor dengan konsentrasi kromium 75mg/L (29 mg/kg).
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Industrial electroplating activity, leather tanning and metal industries produce wastewater containing chromium heavy metals. Chromium is one of heavy metals which have toxic properties so its hazardous to health and the environment. Chromium that released as waste are often in the form of Cr (III) and Cr (VI). Chromium contamination in the soil are caused by wastewater or industrial sludge that intentionally dumped at a concentration that exceeds quality standards. Bioremediation is one of the technology that can be used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. Bacillus subtilis is a bacteria that has been widely studied in elimination for chromium in the contaminated soil. Bacillus subtilis are resistant to wastes that have high concentrated chromium.
The variables in this study were the concentration of chromium and the addition of varying concentrations of bacterias. Varying concentrations of chromium were 100, 75, and 50 mg/L (38, 29, and 19 mg/kg). The reactors in this study were 8 reactors with 6 main reactors and 2 control reactors. The latter variable was the addition of varying concentration of bacterias, i.e 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% unit volume per volume of bulk density. This study used 425 grams artificial contaminated sandy soil with addition of CrCl3. Chromium allowance test was conducted over 15 days. The parameters tested in this study were pH, temperature, moisture, the number of bacterial colonies by the method of CFU (Colony Forming Unit) and total chromium tested with AAS (Atomic Spectroscopy Absorbantion).
The preliminary study resulted in the percentage of total volume of bacteria added to the reactor, with the methods of CFU (Colony Forming Unit) was 15% additional in volume per volume of bacterial and soils bulk density. Based on preliminary research results, the primary test was conducted chromium without addition of bacteria and 15% addition volume of bacteria. The highest percentage of chromium reduction in the reactor with 0% addition of Bacillus subtilis was 31% indicated the reactor with chromium concentration of 50 mg/L (19 mg/kg). The highest percentage of chromium reduction in the reactor with 15% addition of Bacillus subtilis was 11% indicated the reactor with chromium concentration of 75mg/L (29 mg/kg).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bacillus subtilis; bioremediasi; kromium; logam berat; tanah tercemar; bioremediation; chromium; contaminated oil; heavy metal |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | TESYA PARAMITA PUTRI |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Mar 2017 04:35 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2019 08:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/2155 |
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