WIBOWO, ZEFANYA HIRO (2017) ANALISIS TERMAL SIKLUS UAP CONDENSING TURBINE DAN COMBINED CYCLE UNTUK WASTE HEAT RECOVERY PADA PT. ASAHIMAS FLAT GLASS, TBK. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
PT. Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk. merupakan industri besar yang bergerak pada proses pembuatan kaca. PT. Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk. Sidoarjo memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar 300.000 ton/tahun. Proses pembuatan kaca mengalami beberapa tahap pemrosesan terutama pada tahap furnace. Tahap furnace menggunakan bahan bakar gas dan merupakan tahap awal dari proses pembuatan float glass. PT. Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk memiliki dua furnace yaitu jalur A1 dan A2 dengan bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah gas. Panas buang (waste heat) dengan temperatur berkisar 400oC – 500oC dibuang melalui stack. Agar panas buang tersebut tidak mencemari lingkungan, maka perlu ada pemanfaatan lanjut. Pemanfaatan panas buang dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara salah satunya dengan mengubah waste heat menjadi energi listrik. Organic Rankine Cycle merupakan salah satu sistem pembangkit daya yang menggunakan panas buang. Organic Rankine Cycle menggunakan fluida kerja organik diantaranya silicon oil, hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon dan refrigerant. Hal–hal diatas akan dianalisis lebih lanjut pada tugas akhir ini.
Tahap awal pengerjaan tugas akhir ini adalah identifikasi permasalahan dan studi literatur. Tahap kedua adalah perhitungan nilai temperature gabungan, pembuatan model serta penyelesaian dengan software Cycle Tempo 5.1. Variasi massa uap yang
digunakan adalah 4.3 kg/s, 4.6 kg/s, 5 kg/s. Selain variasi massa uap, jenis refrigeran yang digunakan R-11, R113, R114. Pada sistem ORC, temperatur evaporating dan temperatur flue gas pada stack juga divariasi. Temperatur evaporating dinaikan menjadi 160oC dan temperatur stack diturunkan menjadi 120oCTahap terakhir adalah hasil pengolahan data tersebut disajikan secara kuantitatif berupa grafik dan tabel.
Penelitian ini berawal pada temperatur evaporating sebesar 140oC. Grafik yang dihasilkan menunjukan bahwa semakin besar massa uap, maka semakin besar pula performa combined cycle. Kondisi ini dikarenakan kontribusi yang cukup dominan dari sisi steam turbine, sedangkan pada ORC menghasilkan performa yang lebih kecil. Performa combined cycle yang paling besar adalah 5.89 MW dengan laju alir massa uap 5kg/s. Selain itu, temperatur evaporating serta temperatur flue gas pada stack berpengaruh terhadap performa combined cycle. Temperatur evaporating sebesar 160oC menghasilkan performa combined cycled hingga 5.96 MW dengan laju alir massa uap 5kg/s. Penurunan temperatur flue gas menjadi 120oC menghasilkan daya terbesar yaitu 6.30 MW. Peninjauan selanjutnya yaitu terhadap pemilihan refrigeran. Dari grafik yang dihasilkan, menunjukan bahwa refrigeran jenis R-11 dapat menghasilkan daya ORC yang paling besar karena perbedaan enthalpy yang terbesar.
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PT. Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk. is one of the biggest
industries which produces glasses. Production capacity of PT.
Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk. Sidoarjo is 300.000 ton/year. The most
important process in glass production is the furnace section. This
section uses gas as fuel and the first step in production float
glass. PT. Asahimas Flat Glass, Tbk has two furnaces, line A1
and A2. The furnace’s waste heat, which still has a temperature
around 400oC – 500oC, is often released directly to the
surrounding using stack. To reduce air pollution caused by the
high waste heat temperature, we must implement a waste heat
reusing scheme, such as by using an ORC to convert waste heat
as the heat source into electricity. The purpose of waste heat
recovery is reducing air pollution. Waste heat from furnace
become heat source to produce electricity. Organic Rankine
Cycle is power plant system which is use waste heat as heat
source. Organic Rankine Cycle uses organic fluids, for instance
silicon oil, hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon and refrigerant, as its
working fluid. In this final project we will analyze and explain all
aforementioned conditions in implementing ORC as a waste heat
recovery scheme
The first step to do this final project is problem
identification and literary study. Then we will calculate both
stacks temperatures, make a plant model, finishing and evaluate
using software Cycle Tempo 5.1. Variation of steam mass flow
rate used are 4.3 kg/s, 4.6 kg/s, 5 kg/s. In conjunction to the steam
mass flow rate variation, we will also use R-11, R113 and R114
as the work fluid variation. In ORC, the evaporating temperature
and both stacks flue gas temps will also be variated, with
evaporating temperature increased to 160oC and the stacks temps
decreased to 120oC. The final step in this final project is to plot
the results into graphs and tables Final step is analyzing data and
showing graph also table.
The starting value for the evaporating temperature in this
research is set to be 140. The resulting graph shows that an
increase of steam mass flow rate will also increase the combined
cycle’s performance. The highest combined cycle perform is 5.89
MW with steam mass flow rate 5 kg/s. Both the evaporating
temperature and the stacks’ flue gas temperature also yield a
change in the combine cycle performance; in a steam mass flow
rate of 5 kg/s, a higher evaporating temperature (160oC) results
in a higher combined cycle performance (5.96 MW), while,
similarly, a lower flue gas temperature (120oC) also yields a
higher combined cycle performance (6.3 MW). By varying the
working fluids, it is then found that R11 can produce the highest
performance, due to its ability to create high enthalpy difference.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Condensing Turbine, Combined Cycle, Flue Gas, Organic Rankine Cycle, Refrigeran, Temperatur Evaporating |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | ZEFANYA HIRO WIBOWO |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jan 2017 04:23 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Mar 2019 02:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/2905 |
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