Mulyono, . (2017) Pengembangan Model Terintegrasi Berbasis Theory Of Constraints Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Sistem Transportasi Laut: Studi Kasus PT X. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sea transport cost merupakan salah satu komponen yang berdampak besar bagi perekonomian, sehingga beberapa peneliti tertarik untuk menemukan cara-cara baru guna meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensinya. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar penelitian yang telah dilakukan masih berfokus terhadap solusi local optimum, orientasi jangka pendek, dan belum mengintegrasikan variabel strategis dan operasional dari sistem transportasi laut secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model terintegrasi berbasis TOC dengan mengintegrasikan komponen dari sistem transportasi laut yang mencakup alat angkut, sistem manajemen, dan infrastruktur. Studi kasus yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah PT. X yang merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang usaha minyak dan gas bumi baik di sektor hulu hingga hilir. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pendefinisian dan perumusan ulang goal dari sistem transportasi laut serta dilakukan penerjemahan beberapa terminologi TOC seperti Throughput, Inventory, Operating Expense, Productivity, dan Net Benefit pada konteks transportasi laut. Penelitian mengembangkan model berbasis process map, uji statistic, dan cost-utilization diagram untuk mengidentifikasi constraint transportasi laut. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem, penelitian juga mengembangkan model simulasi dan evaluasi berbasis kinerja operasional dan finansial. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, constraint yang terdapat pada sistem transportasi laut di PT. X adalah terbatasnya kapasitas jetty, cargo pump, dan port draft. Constraint tersebut dapat diidentifikasi setelah dilakukan standardisasi satuan komponen-komponen sistem distandardkan menjadi KL/hari. Apabila kapasitas constraint tidak ditingkatkan, biaya congestion yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan jetty, deadfreight akibat limitasi port draft, dan slow pumping akibat keterbatasn cargo pump akan membebani kinerja operasional dan finansial PT. X. Untuk jangka pendek, solusi terbaik diperoleh jika PT. X meningkatkan kapasitas jetty dari 2 unit menjadi 3 unit, meningkatkan kapasitas draft melalui dredging dari 4.5 Meter menjadi 6 Meter, dan meningkatkan kapasitas cargo pump dari 500 KL/Jam menjadi 550 KL/Jam. Productivity ratio untuk skenario ini adalah 0.01825 dengan net profit sebesar 13 Miliar Rupiah. Untuk jangka panjang, solusi terbaik diperoleh jika PT. X meningkatkan kapasitas jetty menjadi 5 unit, kapasitas draft menjadi 6 Meter, dan cargo pump menjadi 550 KL/Jam. Producivity ratio untuk skenario ini adalah 0.0231 dengan net profit sebesar 373 Miliar Rupiah.
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Marine transportation system is a system that involves a huge amount of cost, thus attracting the interest of many researchers to improve the performance of the system. Although many studies have been conducted in that subject, most of the existing studies are still reviewing the components of marine transportation system as a partial, short-term oriented, and focused on one level performance measures. This research aims to develop and integrated model based on TOC principle to resolve the issue in the marine transportation system. The model integrates several components of the marine transport system, including vessels, management systems, and infrastructure. The case study used in this research is PT. X which is a company engaged in the business of oil and gas in both the upstream and downstream sectors. In this research, goal of the marine transport system in PT. X and several TOC terminologies in such as Throughput, Inventory, Operating Expense, Productivity and Net Benefit are reformulated. Constraint identification activity is carried out by combining process map analysis, statistical tests based on linear regression, and load analysis by using Cost-Utilization Diagram. Once the constraint is identified, constraint-based performance improvement activity in the short term and long term-based simulations are performed based on simulation method. The result of this research showed that constraints of marine transportation which limit the efficiency in PT. X are jetty, cargo pump, and port draft. Constraints can be identified after the unit of measure of system components have been standardized into a cargo volume per unit of time or KL/day. If the capacity of the constraints is not improved, the congestion cost caused by jetty limitation, the deadfreight cost due to port draft limiation, and the slow pumping inefficiency due to cargo pump limitation will increasingly burden the operating costs and lowered the productivity of PT. X. For short term, the best solution is obtained if PT. X increases the jetty capacity from 2 units to 3 units, the capacity of port draft through dredging from 4.5 meters to 6 meters, and the cargo pump capacity from 500 KL pump / hour to 550 KL / hour. Productivity ratio for this scenario is 0.01825 and net profit is 13 Billion Rupiah. For the long term, the best solution is obtained if PT. X increases the jetty capacity to 5 units, capacity of port draft to 6 meters and capacity of cargo pump to 550 KL/hour. Producivity ratio for this scenario is 0.0231 and net profit is 373 Billion Rupiah.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RDKe 387.5 Mul p-1 3100017070452 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | theory of constraint, sea transport cost, sistem transportasi laut, model terintegrasi, optimasi, productivity ratio, net profit |
| Subjects: | V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM293 Shipping--Indonesia--Safety measures |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36001-(S3) PhD Theses |
| Depositing User: | Users 13 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 17 May 2017 03:15 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Apr 2021 04:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/41295 |
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