Noviyanti, Evlina (2016) Konsep Manajemen UHI (Urban Heat Island) di Kawasan CBD Kota Surabaya (UP. Tunjungan). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kota Surabaya memiliki fluktuasi peningkatan suhu sejak tahun 1980
hingga 2014, dengan pola spasial terkonsentrasi dari utara ke selatan. yaitu pada
kawasan pusat kota. Pada siang hari pada titik lokasi Plasa Tunjungan, Kawasan
Pasar Turi dan Jl. Pahlawan dapat mencapai 41°C. jika dilihat dari Temperature
Relative Humidity> 26 oC menciptakan lingkungan yang tidak nyaman. UHI
dapat dilihat dari city form dan city function, city form yang meliputi geometri,
penggunaan material, dan ruang terbuka hijau, sedangkan city function meliputi
penggunaan energi, penggunaan air, dan polusi udara. Sebagai wilayah kawasan
strategis ekonomi dan pusat kegiatan, penting untuk mengetahui upaya
penanganan UHI di kawasan CBD Kota Surabaya yaitu UP.Tunjungan.
Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan memetakan suhu permukaan di
kawasan CBD Kota Surabaya (UP. Tunjungan) dengan TIRS (Citra Landsat 8),
kedua menganaisis karakteristik city form dan city function pada kawasan CBD
Kota Surabaya (UP. Tunjungan), ketiga menganalisis faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi suhu permukaan dengan analisis regresi linier berganda, serta
interpretasi hasil untuk menghasilkan konsep manajemen UHI.
Rentang suhu permukaan UP. Tunjungan rata-rata berkisar antara 30.12 –
35.71oC. Suhu terpanas berada pada kawasan yang padat permukiman dan
perdagangan dan jasa yang tidak terdapat RTH dan sungai. Keberadaan RTH
mampu menurunkan suhu lokal 1,13-1,76oC, sedangkan daerah aliran sungai
mampu menurunkan suhu lokal 0,88-1,720C. Keberadaan UHI disebabkan oleh
nilai SVF (Sky View Factor), luasan sungai, ketinggian bangunan, emisi CO2 dari
kegiatan permukiman, transportasi dan perdagangan dan jasa. Upaya konsep
manajemen UP. Tunjungan dilakukan dengan menjadikan konsep POAC sebagai
payung dalam mengurangi urban heat island. POAC terdiri dari proses
perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan. Dalam tahapan
perencanaan dilakukan melalui penetapan skyline di UP.Tunjungan, perencanaan
pentahapan pembangunan angkutan massal cepat, pengembangan lahan compact
pada penggunaan lahan mixed used secara vertikal dan penetapan harga tiket
parkir pusat kota serta mengganti bus kota dengan electrical solar bus.
Pengorganisasian dilakukan melalui pemetaan stakeholder, sosialisasi kegiatan rencana kota kepada seluruh stakeholder, melakukan dialog koordinasi
multipemangku kepentingan, serta merumuskan program prioritas berbasiskan
partisipatif masyarakat. Tahapan pelaksanaan dihasilkan berdasarkan kegiatan
yang telah dilakukan Kota Surabaya namun butuh pengembangan terutama pada
pusat kota. Tahapan pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan pengembangan urban farming
berbasis organik, kampung green and clean, pengoptimalan fungsi sungai sebagai
penurun suhu permukaan, serta menerapkan green energy dan green building pada
setiap bangunan. Upaya pengawasan dilakukan melalui pemantauan secara
berkala kualitas air dan udara pusat kota, penerapan insentif dan disinsentif
investasi pembangunan dan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan, mensyaratkan
bangunan green energy dan green building dalam mengeluarkan IMB, penetapan
pajak progresif kepemilikan kendaraan bermotor, serta menetapkan jarak
sempadan sungai minimal 3 meter dari tanggul terluar dan pengendalian alih
fungsi di dalamnya.
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Surabaya City has a fluctuating temperature increase from 1980 to 2014, with
a concentrated spatial pattern from north to south, is the downtown area. in the
daytime the location point Tunjungan Plaza, Pasar Turi and Jl. Pahlawan, can reach to
41°C. More than 26°C of Temperature Relative Humidity would create an
uncomfortable environment. Urban Heat Island (UHI) can be seen by the city form
and city function. City form is determined by the geometry, material usage, and open
green space. While the city function can be seen from energy use, water use, and
pollution of an area. As an economy strategic area and urban core activity, it is
important to determine the cause of rising temperatures, for manage of UHI in the
CBD area of Surabaya is UP.Tunjungan.
The research’s methods are mapping the surface temperature of Surabaya’s
CBD area (UP, Tunjungan) with TIRS (Landsat 8), analyzing the characteristics of
city form and city function (of UP. Tunjungan), then analyzing factors affects the
surface temperature by multiplying linear regression analysis, and interpretation of
the results to produce a UHI management concept.
The average allowance ranged between 30.12 - 35.71oC. Temperature in
excess of 330C indicates the occurrence of UHI. The hottest temperatures are in the
area of dense settlement and trade service. Green space may decrease the local
temperature from 1,13-1,76oC, while rivers may decrease local temperature 0,88-
1,720C. UHI is caused by the SVF (sky view factor) value, the extent of the river,
building height, CO2 emissions of settlement activities, transport and trade and
services. Management concept UP. Tunjungan is done by making the concept POAC
as principal to reduce UHI. POAC consists of the process of planning, organizing,
implementing, and monitoring. planning management by setting skyline in
UP.Tunjungan, phasing development plan of rapid mass transit, compact land
development on land use mixed used vertically, set the price of parking tickets in
downtown and replacing city buses with electric bus. Organizing management through mapping of stakeholders, socialization activities of the city plan to all
stakeholders, coordination of multi-stakeholder dialogue, and formulate program
priorities based on community participation. Stages of implementation generated by
activities that have been performed Surabaya but need further development,
especially in downtown UP. Tunjungan. Implementation management by process can
be done through with development of organic urban farming, settlements green and
clean, optimizing the function of the river as the lowering of the surface temperature,
and implement green energy and green building.Controlling management by efforts
conducted through regular monitoring water and air quality in downtown, incentives
and disincentives of investment in development environmentally friendly and ecofriendly
technology, requires the building of green energy and green building in
releasing IMB (building permit), the implementation of a progressive tax vehicle
ownership, and determine the distance river border minimal 3 meters from the outer
dike and control over the function in it.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTA 711.43 Nov k |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | city form; city function; suhu permukaan; UHI; surface temperature |
| Subjects: | N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA9053 City planning |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Architechture > 23101-(S2) Master Theses |
| Depositing User: | Anis Wulandari |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jun 2017 04:07 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Dec 2018 03:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/41689 |
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