Simanullang, Raja Panal and Adrian, Viktor (2017) Pembuatan Chitosan Nanopartikel Untuk Imobilisasi Enzim Dalam Rangka Produksi Gula Reduksi Dari Sabut Kelapa. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sabut kelapa mengandung lignoselulosa sehingga dapat dihidrolisis menjadi gula reduksi. Hidrolisis enzimatik lignoselulosa menghasilkan gula reduksi lebih besar, selektifitas lebih tinggi, membutuhkan lebih sedikit energi, dan ramah lingkungan. Akan tetapi harga enzim murni yang mahal dan sifat enzim yang sulit dipisahkan menjadi kendala. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengimobilisasi enzim pada material pendukung chitosan sehingga enzim dapat dipakai berulang kali. Chitosan dipilih karena murah, inert, hidrofilik, dan material pendukung yang biocompatible. Tetapi masalah hambatan transfer massa muncul karena sabut kelapa dan chitosan keduanya insoluble serta pemisahan antara enzim terimobilisasi dan substrat menjadi sulit. Untuk mengatasi masalah hambatan transfer massa digunakan material pendukung dengan ukuran nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatan chitosan nanopartikel sebagai material pendukung pada enzim selulase terimobilisasi untuk menghasilkan gula reduksi dari limbah sabut kelapa dengan hidrolisis enzimatik. Pada penelitian ini chitosan nanopartikel disiapkan menggunakan metode ionotropic gelation dengan gelation agent natrium sulfat. Dari hasil analisis TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) diketahui chitosan nanopartikel yang diperoleh berukuran antara kurang dari 20 nm hingga lebih dari 200 nm, dengan jumlah terbanyak berukuran kurang dari 20 nm. Massa chitosan nanopartikel yang diperoleh sangat dipengaruhi oleh volume buffer fosfat tiap sekali pencucian. Kemudian dilakukan imobilisasi enzim selulase dengan chitosan nanopartikel menggunakan metode kovalen. Jumlah protein enzim selulase yang terimobilisasi pada chitosan nanopartikel dianalisis dengan metode Bradford yaitu sebesar 66,5380%. Selanjutnya dilakukan hidrolisis enzimatik sabut kelapa menggunakan enzim selulase murni dari Trichoderma reesei terimobilisasi pada chitosan nanopartikel. Konsentrasi gula reduksi dari proses hidrolisis enzimatik dianalisis dengan metode DNS. Konsentrasi gula reduksi mengalami peningkatan pada jam ke 1 hingga jam ke 8, kemudian mengalami penurunan hingga jam ke 16. Pada jam ke 24 mengalami peningkatan, menurun pada jam ke 32 dan meningkat lagi pada jam ke 40. Peningkatan konsentrasi gula reduksi ini menunjukkan bahwa enzim selulase terimobilisasi pada chitosan nanopartikel dapat menghidrolisis sabut kelapa menjadi gula reduksi. Pada penelitian ini, aktivitas enzim selulase yang digunakan 15,339 U/mL dan hasil gula reduksi maksimum yang didapat 0,560 g/L.
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Coconut husk is containing lignocellulose so that it can be hydrolyzed into reducing sugars which are then fermented into ethanol and other chemicals such as alcohols, ethers, and carboxylic acids. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic sugar yield reduction is greater, high selectivity, require less energy, and environmentally friendly. But, the handicaps are the price of pure enzyme which is expensive and properties of enzymes that are difficult to separate. These can be solved by immobilizing the enzyme on a supporting material chitosan so that the enzyme can be used repeatedly. Chitosan was chosen because it is cheap, inert, hydrophilic, and supporting materials are biocompatible. But the problem of mass transfer arises because of coconut husk and chitosan both insoluble and separation between the immobilized enzyme and the substrate becomes difficult. To solve the problem of material support then the use of the mass transfer with nano size was needed. This study aims to learn about the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as supporting materials in immobilized cellulase enzyme to produce reducing sugar from coconut husk waste with enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study nanoparticle chitosan were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method with sodium sulfate as gelation agent. From the analysis of TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) known that obtained nanoparticle chitosan had size between less than 20 nm to more than 200 nm, with the most number of size was less than 20 nm. The nanoparticle chitosan mass obtained is strongly influenced by the volume of phosphate buffer every once washing. Then cellulase enzyme was immobilized with nanoparticle chitosan by using covalent method. The amount of immobilized cellulase enzyme on nanoparticle chitosan was analyzed by Bradford method of 66.5380%. Further enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk was done by using immobilized free cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma reesei on nanoparticle chitosan. The concentration of reducing sugar from the enzymatic hydrolysis process was analyzed by DNS method. The concentration of reducing sugar increased from 1 to 8 hours, then decreased to 16 hours. At 24 hours it increased, decreased at 32 hours and increased again at 40 hours. Increased concentration of reducing sugar showed that the immobilized cellulase enzyme on nanoparticle chitosan can hydrolyze coconut husk into reducing sugar. In this study, the used cellulase enzyme activity was 15,339 U/mL and result of maximum obtained reduction sugar was 0,560 g/L.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | coconut husk, chitosan, nanoparticle, immobilization, reducing sugar |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Raja Panal Simanullang |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2017 03:35 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2019 07:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/43473 |
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