Abdillah, Muhammad and Hisbullah, Mohamad Iqabl (2017) Pengolahan Limbah Plastik High Density Polyethylene Dengan Metode Pirolisis Microwave Dan Menggunakan Katalis Karbon Aktif Dari Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Menghasilkan Bahan Bakar Alternatif. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Dari data Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2012 tercatat bahwa produksi plastik di Indonesia berkisar pada angka 5,4 juta ton/tahun. Salah satu jenis sampah plastik adalah HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Pirolisis merupakan salah satu solusinya. Namun pada perkembangannya pirolisis membutuhkan waktu dan energy yang banyak dengan katalis yang mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah limbah HDPE mampu diubah menjadi bahan bakar alternatif dengan pirolisis menggunakan metode microwave heating serta mengetahui pengaruh suhu, waktu, dan rasio katalis terhadap plastik HDPE. Proses pirolisis dilakukan pada reaktor tertutup berkapasitas 500 mL dengan bahan plastik 125 gram dan menggunakan katalis karbon aktif dari tempurung kelapa dengan variabel rasio HDPE : jumlah katalis 1:0,4 ; 1:0,6 ; 1:1. Sampel dipanaskan sampai suhu 250, 300, 350, dan 400oC dan dipertahankan pada variabel waktu selama 15, 30, dan 45 menit. Produk cair dianalisis dengan GCMS, produk gas dianalisis dengan GC, serta massa produk cair dan residu di timbang untuk mendapatkan data yield dari proses pirolisis.
Diperoleh hasil terbaik pada waktu operasi 45 menit, suhu 400 oC, dan rasio HDPE : jumlah katalis = 1:1 dengan yield Produk total sebesar 99,22%; yield residu sebesar 0,78%; kadar komposisi produk cair (cycloparaffin dan n-paraffin) sebesar 54,09%; dan konsentrasi gas metana sebesar 10,2%.
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From data of Living Environment Ministry of Indonesia at
2012 recorded that production of plastic at Indonesia about 5,4
milion tons/year. One of the most widely plastic waste is HDPE
(High Density Polyethylene), because HDPE properties are harder
and resistant to a high temperature. Pyrolysis is one of the plastic
waste treatment method. However, the development of pyrolysis
tend to require a lot of time and energy with lacking efficiency and
the catalysts that used tend to be expensive. The purposes of this
research are to know that HDPE plastic waste can be change into
alternative fuels with microwave heating pyrolysis method using
coconut-shell activated carbon as catalyst and to know the effect of
temperatures, times, and ratio between catalyst and HDPE plastic.
Pyrolysis process was done using closed reactor with capacity 500
mL and the reactor pressure is 1 atm. Waste plastic sample are used
as much as 125 grams of HDPE plastic and using coconut shellactivated
carbon as a catalyst with variable ratio between HDPE
plastic to number of catalyst were 1:0,4 ; 1:0,6 ; 1:1. The sample
was heated to temperatures about 250, 300, 350, and 400 oC and
maintained at variable times for 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Liquid
product were analyzed by Gas Chromatography – Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS), gas product were analyzed by Gas
Chromatography (GC), and liquid and residue masses were
measured to have the product’s yield of pyrolysis process.
From the experimental research result, obtained best
variable of pyrolysis process with microwave method is at 45
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minute, at temperature 400°C, and ratio between HDPE plastic to
number of catalyst is 1:1 with yield of liquid and gas product is
99,22%; yield of residue is 0,78%; value of liquid product’s
composition (cycloparaffin and n-paraffin) is 54,09%; and
concentration of methane gas is 10,2%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 662.88 Abd p-1 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, HDPE, Microwave Heating |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Abdillah . |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2017 07:37 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Mar 2019 04:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/44060 |
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