Shodiq, Ja'far As and Muchammad, Raka Selaksa Charisma (2017) Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Nyamplung (Callophylum inophylum) Menggunakan Katalis Dengan Berbagai Variasi pH. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan Energi di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih bergantung pada sumber energi fosil (Bahan Bakar Minyak/BBM) yang ketersediaannya di dunia sudah semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, pencarian energi alternatif pengganti minyak bumi harus dikembangkan, salah satunya biodiesel. Penggunaan microwave sebagai sumber energi pembuatan biodiesel dapat mempercepat waktu reaksi. Sehingga microwave dipandang lebih efisien. Biji nyamplung memiliki kandungan minyak sebesar 71,4% berat. Dengan kandungan minyak sebesar ini maka biji nyamplung memiliki potensi yang besar bila digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi katalis asam lemah dan basa lewis terhadap densitas, viskositas, dan yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan katalis asam kuat dan basa kuat, mengetahui pengaruh daya microwave dan waktu radiasi terhadap densitas, viskositas, dan yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan, serta mempelajari dan mengoptimasi proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak nyamplung menggunakan katalis asam lemah dan basa lewis dengan bantuan radiasi gelombang mikro (microwave). Langkah awal pembuatan biodiesel nyamplung adalah proses degumming atau penghilangan impurities seperti getah, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan esterifikasi yang bertujuan untuk mengubah free fatty acid (FFA) menjadi metil ester. Setelah esterifikasi, larutan dititrasi dengan NaOH dan indikator pp hingga konsentrasi FFA menjadi <2%. Kemudian masuk proses transesterifikasi yang merubah trigliserida dalam minyak menjadi metil ester dan gliserol. Proses selanjutnya adalah pemisahan biodiesel dan gliserol dan terakhir proses pencucian. Variabel percobaan adalah kadar katalis 0,5; 0,75; dan 1% berat minyak untuk katalis basa dan 1, 2, dan 3% berat minyak untuk katalis asam. Katalis yang digunakan adalah KOH (basa kuat), CH3COONa (basa lewis), H2SO4¬ (asam kuat), dan CH3COOH (asam lemah). Waktu radiasi adalah 10, 20, 30, 45, dan 60 menit untuk katalis basa dan 0,5; 1; 1,25; 1,5; dan 2 jam untuk katalis asam. Variabel terakhir adalah daya microwave sebesar 150, 300, 450 dan 600 W. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, kondisi operasi terbaik (optimum) untuk katalis basa pada daya 300 W, konsentrasi 1% (w/w) dan waktu radiasi selama 60 menit. Yield terbaik yang dihasilkan adalah 96% (untuk katalis KOH) dan 87% (untuk katalis CH3COONa), dimana viskositas kinematik produk sebesar 3,7724 cSt (untuk katalis KOH) dan 4,7678 cSt (untuk katalis CH3COONa) serta densitas sebesar 0,8676 gr/ml (untuk katalis KOH) dan 0,8713 gr/ml (untuk katalis CH3COONa). Kondisi operasi terbaik (optimum) untuk katalis asam pada daya 600 W, konsentrasi 3% (w/w) dan waktu radiasi selama 2 jam. Yield terbaik yang dihasilkan adalah 84% (untuk katalis H2SO4) dan 74% (untuk katalis CH3COOH), dimana viskositas kinematik produk sebesar 5,4311 cSt (untuk katalis H2SO4) dan 5,9976 cSt (untuk katalis CH3COOH) serta densitas sebesar 0,8753 gr/ml (untuk katalis H2SO4) dan 0,8809 gr/ml (untuk katalis CH3COOH).
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Energy needs in Indonesia to date still rely on fossil energy sources that its availability in the world is increasingly depleted. Therefore, the search for alternative energy of petroleum must be developed, one of them is biodiesel. The use of microwave as a energy source of biodiesel production can speed up the reaction time. So the microwave is considered more efficient. Seeds of nyamplung has an oil content of 71.4% by weight. With the oil content of the nyamplung seeds has great potential when used as a raw material for biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of both weak acid and lewis base catalysts on the density, viscosity, and yield of biodiesel produced in comparison with both strong acid and strong base catalysts, determine the effect of microwave power and irradiation time on the density, viscosity, and yield of biodiesel produced , as well as studying and optimizing the process of making biodiesel from nyamplung oil using both weak acid and lewis base catalyst with the help of microwave radiation (microwave). The initial step of making biodiesel from nyamplung is degumming process or removal of impurities such as resin, followed by esterification which aims to transform free fatty acid (FFA) into methyl esters. After esterification, the solution is titrated with NaOH and the pp indicator up to FFA concentration becomes <2%. Then enter the transesterification process that converts triglycerides in oil to methyl esters and glycerol. The next process is the separation of biodiesel and glycerol and finally the washing process. The experimental variable is concentration of catalyst: 0.5; 0.75; and 1% by weight of oil for the base catalysts and 1, 2, and 3% by weight of oil for the acid catalysts. The catalysts used are KOH (strong base), CH3COONa (lewis base), H2SO4(strong acid), and CH3COOH (weak acid). The radiation time is 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes for the base catalysts and 0.5; 1; 1.25; 1.5; And 2 hours for acid catalysts. The last variable is the microwave power of 150, 300, 450 and 600 W. From the research conducted, the best operating conditions (optimum) for the base catalyst to the power of 300 W, concentration of 1% (w/w) and radiation time for 60 minutes. Produced the best yield is 96% (for KOH catalyst) and 87% (for CH3COONa catalyst), wherein the kinematic viscosity of products are 3.7724 cSt (for KOH) and 4.7678 cSt (for CH3COONa) as well as the density of 0.8676 g/ml (for KOH) and 0.8713 g/ml (for CH3COONa). The best operating conditions (optimum) for acid catalyst at 600 W power, 3% concentration (w/w) and radiation time for 2 hours. The resulting best yield is 84% (for H2SO4 catalyst) and 74% (for CH3COOH catalyst), wherein the product kinematic viscosity of 5.4311 cSt (for H2SO4) and 5.9976 cSt (for CH3COOH) as well as the density of 0.8753 gr/ml (for H2SO4) and 0.8809 g/ml (for CH3COOH).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel, Minyak Nyamplung, Microwave, Basa Lewis |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ja'far As Shodiq . |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2017 03:05 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Feb 2023 04:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/44288 |
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