Haque, Errilia Afifah (2017) Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit dengan Sistem Lumpur Aktif Model SBR Skala Laboratorium. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Jumlah sarana pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia terus meningkat hingga saat ini, termasuk meningkatnya jumlah rumah sakit. Hal tersebut menyebabkan air limbah rumah sakit yang dihasilkan juga meningkat secara kuantitas. Air limbah rumah sakit mengandung beberapa bahan pencemar dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan pengolahan terhadap air limbah rumah sakit sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah satu alternatif pengolahannya adalah menggunakan model SBR. Di dalam air limbah rumah sakit terkandung bahan-bahan organik yang merupakan salah satu komposisi substrat yang dibutuhkan dalam pembentukan granular aerob pada SBR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh durasi waktu aerasi dan prosentase beban air limbah terhadap kualitas effluen air limbah, terutama untuk penyisihan COD, ammonia-nitrogen dan fosfat.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan SBR skala laboratorium dengan kapasitas total volume operasional sebesar 6 L, yang terdiri dari 3 L lumpur aktif dan 3 L air limbah rumah sakit. Penelitian dengan pengolahan SBR ini dilakukan dengan sistem intermittent dan dikondisikan pada keadaan aerobik selama tahap reaksi. Dilakukan variasi prosentase beban air limbah sebesar 50%, 80% dan 100%. Dilakukan pula variasi terhadap durasi waktu aerasi pada tahap reaksi, yaitu selama 6 jam dan 10 jam. Waktu detensi untuk setiap siklus dengan waktu aerasi 6 jam adalah selama 8 jam. Sedangkan untuk variasi waktu aerasi 10 jam, waktu detensi setiap siklusnya adalah selama 12 jam. Dilakukan analisis parameter utama setiap hari hingga akhir masa penelitian. Parameter utama yang dianalisis adalah COD, ammonia-nitrogen dan fosfat. Selain itu dilakukan pula analisis parameter tambahan yang berupa BOD, nitrat-nitrogen, nitrit-nitrogen, pH, MLSS dan MLVSS.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa air limbah rumah sakit dapat diolah menggunakan SBR dan dapat menghasilkan kualitas effluen yang cukup baik bila operasionalnya berjalan secara optimal. Hasil efisiensi penyisihan zat organik (COD) tertinggi sebesar 81% dan efisiensi penyisihan ammonia-nitrogen tertinggi sebesar 97% ditunjukkan oleh reaktor dengan waktu aerasi 10 jam dengan beban air limbah 100%. Efisiensi penyisihan fosfat tertinggi sebesar 95% dan efisiensi penyisihan ammonia-nitrogen tertinggi juga ditunjukkan oleh reaktor dengan beban air limbah 100% dan waktu aerasi 6 jam. Sedangkan nilai efisiensi penyisihan COD tertinggi pada reaktor dengan waktu aerasi 6 jam adalah sebesar 78%. Nilai tersebut memiliki perbedaan yang tidak terlalu signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan reaktor yang memiliki waktu aerasi 10 jam. Sehingga reaktor dengan waktu aerasi 6 jam sudah mampu menyisihkan kandungan zat organik, ammonia-nitrogen dan fosfat secara optimal.
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The quantity of health care facilities in Indonesia continues to increase until these days, including the increasing number of hospitals. It causes hospital wastewater also increasing in quantity. Hospital wastewater contains some high concentrations of contaminants. Therefore, a treatment must be done on the hospital wastewater before being discharged to the water body. One of the alternative treatment is using SBR. Hospital wastewater contains organic materials which are one of the substrate compositions required for the formation of aerobic granules in the SBR. This study aims to determine the effect of duration of aeration time and percentage of wastewater loading on effluent quality, especially for removal of COD, ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate.
This research was conducted on laboratory scale, using SBR with total operational volume capacity of 6 L, consisting of 3 L of activated sludge and 3 L of hospital wastewater. SBR for this study was performed with an intermittent system and conditioned in aerobic state during the reaction phase. Percentage of 50%, 80% and 100% wastewater loading were performed. There were also variations on the duration of aeration time at the reaction phase, ie for 6 hours and 10 hours. The detention time for each cycle with an aeration time of 6 hours was 8 hours. As for the variation of 10-hours aeration time, the detention time for each cycle was 12 hours. The main parameters were analyzed every day until the end of the study period. The analyzed main parameters were COD, ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate. In addition, additional parameters were analyzed in terms of BOD, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, pH, MLSS and MLVSS.
The results of this study indicated that the hospital wastewater can be treated using SBR and can produce a good quality of effluent when the operation runs optimally. The highest organic removal efficiency (COD) was 81% and the highest efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen removal was 97% achieved by reactor with 10-hours aeration time with 100% wastewater loading. The highest phosphate removal efficiency was 95% and the highest ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency were also achieved by a reactor with 100% wastewater loading and 6-hours aeration time. Whereas, its highest COD removal efficiency was 78%. It had not very significant difference with the reactor that had 10 hours of aeration time. So that the reactor with aeration time of 6 hours had been able to remove the organic substances, ammonia-nitrogen and phosphate optimally.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Air limbah rumah sakit; Ammonia-nitrogen; Fosfat; Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR); Zat Organik; Ammonia-nitrogen; Hospital Wastewater; Organic Substance; Phosphate; Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Errilia Afifah Haque |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2017 05:20 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Mar 2019 03:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/44637 |
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