Latip, Aip Abdul (2017) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Penempatan Plat Datar Penghalang di Depan Returning Blade Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Savonius (Studi Kasus untuk “Studi Kasus untuk.... Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Persediaan sumber energi fosil sebagai sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan energi di bumi semakin menipis. Hal ini mendorong penggunaan sumber energi lain yang terbarukan seperti energi angin. Turbin angin Savonius dapat digunakan sebagai bentuk pemanfaatan energi angin menjadi energi listrik. Turbin ini bekerja dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan gaya drag yang timbul pada kedua sudu sehingga menghasilkan torsi yang dapat memutar poros generator listrik. Namun, turbin ini memiliki uefisiensi yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan performa turbin angin Savonius dapat dilakukan penambahan plat datar penghalang di depan returning blade untuk meningkatkan selisih gaya drag pada kedua sudu.
Penelitian dilakukan pada aliran eksternal dari axial fan dengan kapasitas aliran sebesar 4413 ft^3/menit terhadap benda uji turbin angin Savonius dengan diameter sudu D = 101,6 mm dan tinggi H = 300 mm yang terbuat dari bahan PVC. Plat datar berbahan acrylic dengan tebal 3 mm dan perbandingan lebar plat datar penghalang terhadap diameter sudut turbin L/D=2,0 digunakan sebagai penghalang dan ditempatkan di depan returning blade. Sudut penempatan plat datar penghalang divariasikan tiap 5o dengan rentang 0o≤θ≤90o. Penelitian dilakukan pada aliran dengan bilangan Reynolds 3,0 × 10^4, 6,0 ×10^4, dan 9,0 ×10^4 berdasarkan panjang karakteristik turbin angin Savonius d=2D-b (dimana b adalah panjang overlap turbin angin Savonius) dan kecepatan aliran udara. Kecepatan aliran diatur menggunakan voltage regulator untuk mengatur kecepatan putar fan. Pengukuran kecepatan aliran digunakan menggunakan anemometer. Kecepatan putar dan torsi statis poros turbin diukur menggunakan tachometer dan torsimeter digital. Pengukuran torsi dinamis diukur menggunakan brake dynamometer dengan penambahan beban secara bertahap. Kemudian, dilakukan perhitungan perbandingan daya turbin dan daya kinetis angin.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan plat datar penghalang di depan returin blade mampu meningkatkan performa turbin pada rentang sudut θ>10°. Adapun, nilai coefficient of power tertinggi diperoleh pada bilangan Reynolds 6,0 × 10^4dan sudut penempatan plat penghalang θ=50° sebesar 11,51% atau meningkat sebesar 2,22. Pada beberapa posisi penempatan plat penghalang, adanya plat penghalang justru menurunkan performa turbin angin Savonius akibat terbentuknya wake di belakang plat penghalang.
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The fossil fuel as the main source to fulfill the world’s energy needs is running out of supply. This situation forces us, as human being, to shift over the use of fossil fuel to another renewable energy resource like wind energy. The Savonius wind turbine can be used to utilize the wind energy to generate electricty. This turbine moves using drag force difference that produces torque and rotates the generator shaft. Unfortunately, the Savonius wind turbine has a rather poor efficiency. Placing a flat plate obstacle in front of the returning blade can be used to obtain a higher Savonius wind turbine performance.
The present study was done in an external flow flowing from an axial fan with 4413 ft^3/min flow capacity. The turbine was made of PVC having 101,6 mm blade diameter and a height of 300 mm. A flat plate was made from an acrylic with L/D ratio of 2 and has a width of 3 mm, placed in front of the returning blade. The angle position was varied in range of 0o≤θ≤90o with 5o increment. The present study was done in Reynolds number of Re = 3,0 × 10^4, 6,0 × 10^4, dan 9,0 × 10^4 based on turbine’s characteristic length d=2D-b (where b is turbine’s overlap length) and the free stream velocity. The free stream velocity was measured using anemometer. The rotational speed was measured using a tachometer and the static torque was measured using a torque meter. As for the dynamic torque, the measurement was done using a brake dynamometer system with gradual load.
The results show that the presence of a flat plate obstacle in front of returning blade gave the turbine a better performance in angle range θ>10°. The highest coefficient of power was obtained at Reynolds number of 6,0 × 10^4 and θ=50° at the value of 11,51%, or having 2,22 increasement. At some range of angle, the presence of flat plate obstacle will decrease the performance of the wind turbine instead of increasing it. It was due to the wake that formed behind the flat plate obstacle and disrupt the air flow.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 629.132 32 Lat s |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | coefficient of power, putaran turbin, sudut plat penghalang, torsi dinamis, torsi statis, turbin angin Savonius |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Aip Abdul Latip |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Nov 2017 06:11 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Mar 2019 03:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/45305 |
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