Marlinda, Lenny (2017) Rekayasa Katalis Double Promotor Berbasis Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 untuk Memproduksi Biofuel dari Minyak Nabati. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Studi tentang pengaruh temperatur reaksi terhadap hidrocracking minyak bintaro, minyak kemiri sunan dan minyak biji karet dengan menggunakan katalis Co-Ni/HZSM-5 menjadi biofuel telah dipelajari. Katalis hierarchical Co-Ni/HZSM-5 (Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso) juga telah dipersiapkan dan digunakan pada hydrocracking minyak kemiri sunan menjadi biofuel dengan kandungan senyawa paraffin yang meningkat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan katalis Co-Ni/HZSM-5. Reaksi hydrocracking diselenggarakan di dalam reaktor batch bertekanan yang dilengkapi pengaduk dengan menggunakan variasi temperatur dari 300 – 400 oC, tekanan reaktor 20+-5 bar (setelah dialiri hidrogen) dan waktu reaksi 2 jam. Pengaruh temperatur reaksi terhadap komposisi senyawa hidrokarbon dalam produk cair, komposisi n-paraffin dalam produk cair, dan yield gasolin/kerosen/gas oil telah dipelajari untuk memperoleh kondisi proses terbaik dengan menggunakan katalis yang berbeda komposisi logam kobal dan nikel dalam katalis total.
Biofuel minyak bintaro terbukti mengandung senyawa n-parafin yang berlimpah dibandingkan minyak kemiri sunan dan minyak biji karet dengan konversi mencapai hampir 100% dengan katalis Co-Ni/HZSM-5. Selektivitas parafin yang diperoleh adalah sekitar 60-90% pada range temperatur 350-375 oC. Senyawa aromatik tidak ditemukan pada produk cair ini. Pada kondisi 375 oC, selektivitas ke arah reaksi dekarboksilasi tercapai dengan rasio produk C17/C18 sebesar 6,42 – 9,05. Hal berbeda diperoleh dari hasil analisa biofuel minyak kemiri sunan dan minyak biji karet. Biofuel minyak kemiri sunan ternyata mengandung senyawa aromatik dengan selektivitas sekitar 11% dan selektivitas parafin 72% pada temperatur 375 oC dengan menggunakan katalis Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso_2 yang mempunyai struktur pori hirarki. Konversi yang dicapai dengan katalis ini sekitar 97%. Sedangkan biofuel minyak biji karet mengandung cukup tinggi parafin dengan selektivitas 83,7% pada 400 oC dengan menggunakan katalis Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso_2. Sejumlah besar aromatik juga ditemukan dalam biofuel minyak biji karet sekitar 20%. Konversi yang dicapai dengan katalis ini sekitar 77,6%.
Perbedaan ini diakibatkan karena minyak bintaro memiliki kandungan senyawa mono-unsaturated fatty acids (asam oleat) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dua minyak lainnya. Adapun minyak kemiri sunan dan minyak biji karet mengandung banyak senyawa poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Selain jenis minyak, distribusi senyawa hidrokarbon yang dihasilkan dalam biofuel juga dipengaruhi oleh tipe katalis, yaitu katalis dengan struktur mikropori (HZSM-5) dengan katalis dengan struktur mikropori-mesopori (hierarchical mesoporous). Katalis dengan struktur mikropori-mesopori (hierarchical mesoporous) mampu meningkatkan senyawa n-paraffin dalam biofuel yang dihasilkan dari hydrocracking minyak kemiri sunan dan minyak biji karet.
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The study of the effect of reaction temperature on hydrocracking of cerbera manghas oil, sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil using the Co-Ni/ HZSM-5 catalyst into biofuel has been successfully studied. The hierarchical Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst has also succeeded in hydrocracking of sunan candlenut oil into biofuel with an enhanced paraffin compound content compared to using a Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. The hydrocracking reaction was carried out in a pressurized batch reactor equipped with a stirrer using a temperature range from 300 - 400 oC, a reactor pressure of 205 bar (after flowing hydrogen) for 2 h of reaction time. The effect of reaction temperature on the composition of the hydrocarbon compounds in the liquid product, the n-paraffin composition in the liquid product, and the yield of gasoline/kerosene/gas oil have been studied to obtain the best process conditions by using different catalysts of cobalt and nickel metal composition in total catalyst.
Cerbera manghas oil biofuel contained an abundant n-paraffin compounds compared to sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil with conversion almost 100% with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. The obtained paraffin selectivity is about 60-90% in the range temperature of 350-375 oC. Aromatic compounds were not found in liquid product. Under conditions 375 °C, the selectivity toward the decarboxylation reaction was achieved with a C17/C18 product ratio of 6.42 to 9.05. A different results were obtained from the analysis of biofuel of sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil. The biofuel of sunan candlenut oil contained quite a lot of aromatic compounds with selectivity of about 11% and paraffin selectivity of 72% at 375 oC, using Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso_2 catalyst which have hierarchical pore structure. The conversion achieved with this catalyst was about 97%. While the biofuel of rubber seed oil contained high enough paraffin with selectivity of 83,7% at 400 oC using Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso_2 catalyst. A large amount of aromatics were also found in biofuel of rubber seed oil about 20%. The conversion achieved with this catalyst is about 77.6%.
However, biofuels of sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil contained many aromatic compounds. This difference was due to cerbera manghas oil has a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids compounds than the other two oils. The sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil contains many polyunsaturated fatty acids compounds. In addition to the type of oil, the distribution of hydrocarbon compounds produced in biofuel was also influenced by a type of catalyst, i.e. catalyst having micropore structure (HZSM-5) and having hierarchical mesoporous structure. It was proved that the catalyst having hierarchical mesoporous structure is capable to increase a content of n-paraffin compounds in biofuels produced through the hydrocracking of sunan candlenut oil and rubber seed oil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | hydrocracking, minyak bintaro, minyak kemiri sunan, minyak biji karet, Co-Ni/ HZSM-5, Co-Ni/HZSM-5meso, biofuel |
| Subjects: | Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Lenny Marlinda |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2017 03:53 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2019 02:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/48788 |
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