Sitania, Christa Kathleen and Caesy, Claudya Patricia (2018) Studi Kinetika Penurunan Kadar Sianida pada Proses Pencucian Daun Singkong (Manihot utilissima). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Singkong (Manihot utilissima) adalah tanaman pangan yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari bagian akar, batang, serta daunnya. Namun, daun singkong kurang diminati karena toksisitas pada daun akibat adanya glukosida sianogenik 5-20 kali lebih besar dibanding pada akarnya. Meskipun demikian, daun singkong mengandung zat hara yang tinggi melebihi sayuran hijau dan bahan makanan pokok lainnya. Oleh karena itu, pengurangan kadar sianida perlu dilakukan agar daun singkong aman dikonsumsi. Penelitian mengenai upaya pengurangan kadar sianida pada daun singkong telah banyak dilakukan. Namun, studi kinetika mengenai kadar sianida pada daun singkong belum pernah dilakukan. Padahal studi kinetika dapat digunakan oleh produsen bahan baku untuk mengoptimalkan sistem pengolahan, merancang proses, dan mengembangkan sistem kontrol untuk operasi pemrosesan daun singkong. Selanjutnya, pengetahuan tentang perilaku kinetika leaching sianida pada daun singkong dengan air dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi mekanisme perpindahan massa (difusi) dan untuk memperkirakan waktu pencucian agar sianida pada daun singkong mencapai kondisi kesetimbangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kinetika leaching sianida pada daun singkong selama proses pencucian, yang dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan model matematika yang terkait dengan hukum kedua Fick, yaitu model Crank, serta membandingkannya dengan model empiris. Waktu pencucian yang digunakan adalah 1, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 jam, sedangkan rasio volume air terhadap daun singkong yang digunakan adalah 10, 30, dan 50 ml/g. Respon dari penelitian ini adalah Grafik Kadar HCN, Grafik Sianida Rasio, dan Grafik Koefisien Difusi HCN. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kadar HCN residual dalam daun singkong menurun seiring bertambahnya waktu pencucian dan rasio volume air terhadap daun singkong. Nilai Dse yang didapatkan untuk rasio 10, 30, dan 50 ml/g yaitu 9,10 x 10-10 cm2/s, 1,40 x 10-9 cm2/s, dan 9,11 x 10-10 cm2/s pada metode regresi linear, serta 1,98 x 10-9 cm2/s, 2,58 x 10-9 cm2/s, dan 2,20 x 10-9 cm2/s pada metode regresi non linear. Model empiris yang paling mendekati dengan hasil eksperimen adalah Logarithmic, Two Term, dan Modified Henderson-Pabis, dengan nilai terendah untuk RMSE (<0,011) dan SSE (<0,00011).
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Cassava (Manihot utilissima) is a food crop that can be utilized from its tuber, stem, and also its leaves. However, cassava leaves is less desirable because of the toxicity in the leaves due to the presence of cyanogenic glucosides are 5-20 times greater than in the tuber. Nevertheless, cassava leaves contain high nutrient contents that exceeds green vegetables and other staple foods. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the cyanogen content so that the cassava leaves are safe for consumption. Research on efforts to reduce cyanide levels on cassava leaves has been widely practiced. However, a kinetic study of cyanide content in cassava leaves has never been done. Actually, in fact kinetics studies can be used by the manufacturers to optimize processing systems, design processes, and develop control systems for processing operations of cassava leaves. Furthermore, knowledge of kinetic leaching cyanide behaviour on cassava leaves with water can be used to predict mass transfer mechanism (diffusion) and to estimate the washing time for cyanide on cassava leaves to reach equilibrium condition. The purpose of this study is to study the kinetics of leaching cyanide on cassava leaves during the washing process, which can be modeled using the mathematical model associated with Fick's second law, the Crank model, and comparing it with the empirical model. On this experiment, the washing time which will be tested are 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hours meanwhile the ratio of volume to mass are 10, 30, and 50 ml/g. The response from this experiment is Graph of HCN Content, Graph of Cyanide Ratio, and Graph of HCN Diffusion Coefficient. It was found that the residual HCN levels in cassava leaves decreased with increasing washing time and water volume ratio to cassava leaves. Dse value which is obtained for ratio of volume to mass 10, 30, and 50 ml/g are 9.10 x 10-10 cm2/s, 1.40 x 10-9 cm2/s, and 9.11 x 10-10 cm2/s with Linear Regression Method, and also 1.98 x 10-9 cm2/s, 2.58 x 10-9 cm2/s, and 2.20 x 10-9 cm2/s with Non Linear Regression Method. The most approaching empirical model with experimental result are Logarithmic, Two Term, and Modified Henderson-Pabis, with the minimum value for RMSE (<0.011) and SSE (<0.00011).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 660.284 Sit s-1 3100018074812 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Daun Singkong; Difusi; HCN; Manihot utilissima; Cassava Leave; Diffusion; HCN |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Christa Kathleen Sitania |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2018 04:57 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2020 05:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/49939 |
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