Wijayanto, Rizki Mohammad (2018) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Rasio Primary Air Dan Secondary Air Terhadap Karakteristik Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFB) Beban 28,6 MW. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penggunaan sumber energi batu bara sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik menimbulkan terbentuknya polusi seperti CO, NOx, dan SOx yang dapat merusak lingkungan dan mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Oleh karenanya dilakukan pengembangan dalam teknologi boiler pembangkit listrik agar mencapai efisiensi pembakaran yang semakin baik serta meminimalkan terbentuknya polusi yang berbahaya. Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler adalah jenis boiler yang dikembangkan sebagai solusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. Akan tetapi dalam masa pengoperasiannya CFB boiler masih mengalami beberapa masalah yaitu penurunan kehandalan dan efisiensi akibat proses fluidisasi yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Salah satu parameter operasi yang mempengaruhi proses fluidisasi adalah rasio primary air dan secondary air. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu diadakan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh rasio primary air dan secondary air terhadap karakteristik CFB boiler yang ditinjau dari proses fluidisasi, potensi erosi, dan temperatur.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) komersial untuk mensimulasikan CFB boiler dengan variasi rasio primary air dan secondary air. Berdasarkan literatur yang ada, penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan 5 variasi rasio primary air dan secondary air (%PA-%SA), yaitu 40-60, 50-50, 60-40, 70-30, dan 80-20. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan kondisi operasi CFB boiler PLTU Air Anyir pada beban 28,6 MW atau 95,33% MCR (Maximum Continous Rate). Pemodelan yang digunakan adalah multiphase Eulerian, model turbulensi k-ɛ standard, model pembakaran species transport, dan Discrete Phase Model (DPM).
Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rasio primary air dan secondary air sangat berpengaruh pada karakteristik CFB boiler. Pada parameter fluidisasi, dengan meningkatnya persentase primary air akan meningkatkan ketinggian dense bed, meningkatkan kecepatan udara superficial, dan juga berpengaruh terhadap pressure drop. Kasus 1 ( 40-60) diketahui berada pada zona bubbling bed, kasus 2 (50-50) berada pada zona turbulent bed, sedangkan kasus 3 (60-40), kasus 4 (70-30), dan kasus 5 (80-20) berada pada zona entrained bed. Pada parameter potensi erosi, diketahui dengan meningkatnya persentase primary air akan meningkatkan potensi erosi terutama di daerah wingwall superheater dan cyclone, dilihat dari distribusi fraksi volume dan kecepatan partikel pasir. Kemudian pada parameter pembakaran, diketahui bahwa variasi rasio primary air dan secondary air ini tidak terlalu berpangaruh signifikan pada temperatur gas yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan dalam pengoperasian maupun redesign CFB boiler khususnya pada CFB boiler yang ada di PLTU Air Anyir.
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The use of coal energy sources as fuel for electricity generates pollution such as CO, NOx, and SOx that can damage the environment and disturb human health. Therefore, the development of power plant boiler technology in order to achieve better combustion efficiency and minimize the formation of harmful pollution. Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler is a type of boiler developed as a solution to solve this problem. However, during the operation of CFB boiler still experiencing some problems, namely the decrease of reliability and efficiency due to fluidization process that is not going well. One of the operating parameters that affect the fluidization process is the ratio of primary water and secondary water. Pursuant to that matter need to be conducted further research about influence of the ratio of primary water and secondary water to CFB characteristic of boiler evaluated from fluidization process, erosion potency, and temperature.
The study was conducted using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to simulate CFB boilers with primary and secondary water ratio variations. Based on the existing literature, this study will be conducted with 5 primary and secondary water ratio variations (% PA-% SA), ie 40-60, 50-50, 60-40, 70-30, and 80-20. The data used in this study is based on the operating conditions of CFB Boiler PLTU Air Anyir at 28.6 MW load or 95.33% MCR (Maximum Continous Rate). The modeling used is Eulerian multiphase, k-tur standard turbulence model, species transport combustion model, and Discrete Phase Model (DPM).
The result of the simulation shows that the ratio of primary water and secondary water is very influential on boiler CFB characteristic. In the fluidization parameter, with increasing percentage of primary water will increase the height of dense bed, increase superficial air velocity, and also affect the pressure drop. Case 1 (40-60) was found in the bubbling bed zone, case 2 (50-50) was in turbulent bed zone, while case 3 (60-40), case 4 (70-30), and case 5 (80- 20) are in the entrained bed zone. On the erosion potential parameter, it is known that the increasing percentage of primary water will increase erosion potential especially in wingwall superheater and cyclone area, seen from the distribution of volume fraction and the speed of sand particles. Then on the combustion parameters, it is known that the variation in the ratio of primary water and secondary water is not too significant on the resulting gas temperature. The results of this study can be used as consideration in the operation and redesign CFB boiler, especially on CFB boiler existing in PLTU Air Anyir.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSM 620.106 4 Wij s-1 3100018074761 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Coal Fired Steam Power Plant Air Anyir, Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Boiler, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), primary air, secondary air |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | RIZKI MOHAMMAD WIJAYANTO |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Mar 2018 07:12 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2020 04:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/50050 |
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