Prakoso, Hendro (2018) Uji kinerja unit pengaduk lambat tipe hidraulis. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Unit koagulasi dan flokulasi merupakan unit bangunan pengolahan air minum yang sangat penting dalam mengolah air sungai untuk menurunkan kekeruhan yang disebabkan partikel koloid. Terdapat dua tipe pengolahan berdasarkan energi yang digunakan pada umumnya, yaitu menggunakan tenaga mekanis atau hidraulis. Kedua tipe tersebut sudah banyak digunakan di hampir seluruh PDAM yang menggunakan sistem pengolahan konvensional. Dalam penelitian ini telah dirancang sebuah unit koagulasi, flokulasi, dan sedimentasi dengan aliran gravitasi atau tipe hidraulis. Khusus untuk unit flokulasi dibuat dengan rasio ukuran kedalaman yang lebih besar, sehingga luas bak dapat diminimalisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai headloss dan gradien kecepatan optimum, serta menentukan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan dan TSS pada unit pengaduk lambat tipe hidraulis.
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh debit aliran dan headloss terhadap efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan dan TSS dari sampel air Sungai Jagir pada unit pengaduk lambat tipe hidraulis. Nilai variasi debit aliran yang dipilih adalah 1 L/menit, 2 L/menit, dan 3 L/menit. Luas permukaan lubang yang digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai headloss yang dipilih adalah (0,283 – 0,770 – 1,005) cm2, (0,283 – 0,385 – 1,508) cm2, dan (0,283 – 0,385 – 1,005) cm2. Reaktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 set reaktor berbahan akrilik sebagai unit pengaduk lambat dan sedimentasi, serta reaktor pipa PVC sebagai unit pengaduk cepat. Pengoperasian reaktor dilakukan dengan aliran kontinyu. Sampel akan dialirkan melalui perpipaan ke dalam reaktor. Running dijalankan hingga volume bak sedimentasi mencapai 180 L yang dilanjutkan dengan proses sedimentasi selama 60 menit. Selama proses koagulasi – flokulasi berlangsung, debit aliran selalu dipantau agar tidak terjadi fluktuasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit 2 L/menit dan luas permukaan lubang (0,283 – 0,770 – 1,508) cm2 menghasilkan head loss dan gradien kecepatan yang optimum. Adapun head loss total yang dihasilkan sebesar 97 mm dengan gradien kecepatan sebagai berikut: G1 = 42,8/detik; G2 = 13,7/detik; G3 = 12,50/detik. Efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan dan TSS yang dihasilkan pada nilai head loss dan gradien kecepatan tersebut masing – masing sebesar 98,5 dan 87,8%.
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Coagulat
ion and flocculation unit is a
water treatment unit
which is very important in processing river water to decrease
turbidity caused by colloid particles. There are two types of
processing based on energy used in general, using mechanical or
hydraulic power. Both types are a
lready widely
used in almost
Municipal Waterwork in Indonesia that use conventional
processing systems. In this study has designed a unit of
coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation with the flow of gravity
or hydraulic type. Especially for the flocculation unit wi
ll b
e made
with a
ratio of depth size
is g
reater
then the surface area
, so the
surface
area of
the unit
can be minimized. This study aims to
determine the
optimum
value of headloss and
velocity gradient
,
also to
determine the efficiency
removal of
turbid
ity and
total
suspended solid
(TSS)
on the
hydraulic type slow mix
ing
unit.
This study examined the effect of flow and headloss
discharge on turbidity reduction efficiency and TSS from water
samples of
Sungai Jagir
on hydraulic type
slow mix unit
. The
sele
cted flow rate variations are 1 L/min, 2 L/min, and 3 L/
min. The
cross
-
section
area of
the
perforated hole
used to determine th
e
selected headloss value are
(0,283
–
0,770
–
1,
005) cm
2
, (0,283
–
0,385
–
1,5
08) cm
2
, and (0
,
283
–
0
,
385
–
1
,
005) cm
2
. The reactor
used in this research is 1 set of acrylic reactor as slow
mixing
and
sedimentation unit, and PVC pipe reactor as
flash mixing unit
. The
operation of the reactor is carried out with continuous flow. The
sample will be piped through the piping
into the reactor. Running is
run until the volume of sedimentation
unit
reaches 180 L followed
by sedimentation process for 60 minutes. During the coagulation
process
-
flocculation takes place, flow discharge is always
monitored to avoid fluctuations.
iv
The
results showed that
the discharge of
2
L / min and hole
surface area
of
(0.283
-
0.
770
-
1.508
) cm
2
resulted in opti
mum
head loss and gradient velocity
. The
total head loss generated by
97
mm with the speed gradient as follows
:
G1 = 51,89
sec
-
1
; G2 =
15,1
2
sec
-
1
; G3 = 11,50
sec
-
1
.
The efficiency of turbidity removal
and TSS generated at head loss and gradient speed were
98,5
%
and
87,8
% respectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSL 628.161 Pra u 3100018075946 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | flocculation, headloss, total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, velocity gradient, flokulasi, gradien kecepatan, kekeruhan |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD375 Turbidity--Measurement. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Hendro Prakoso |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Dec 2018 08:23 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Oct 2020 07:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/53213 |
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