Hardina, Tyta Try (2018) Karakterisasi Lumpur PDAM Surabaya Dan Recovery Aluminium Dengan Metode Asidifikasi Dan Elektrolisis. Undergraduate thesis, Instititut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pembuangan endapan lumpur ke sungai tanpa pengolahan terlebih dahulu mengandung 47,5% Al2(SO4)3 seringkali menimbulkan masalah karena akumulasi aluminium yang terkandung di bagian hilir sungai. Dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan adalah bahaya toksisitas aluminium dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan manusia yang menggunakan air sungai, serta kelangsungan hidup biota sungai akan terganggu. Aluminium dapat diperoleh kembali dari lumpur alum PDAM dengan menggunakan metode yang lebih sederhana. Dengan demikian tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakteristik dan komposisi kimiawi lumpur PDAM, menentukan nilai pH optimum untuk pemisahan senyawa aluminium dari lumpur, dan menentukan nilai kuat arus optimum pengoperasian elektrolisis untuk recovery aluminium dari lumpur PDAM.
Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan proses perolehan kembali aluminium dengan proses asidifikasi yang dilanjutkan dengan elektrolisis. Tahap pendahuluan terdiri atas uji karakterisasi lumpur alum dengan paramater kadar air, alkalinitas, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Volatile Solids (VS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), dan uji kandungan logam berat Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, dan Pb. Tahap selanjutnya dengan melakukan proses asidifikasi dengan penambahan asam sulfat (H2SO4) pada variasi pH 2, 3, dan 4 yang disertai pengadukan dan pengendapan dengan sentrifugasi. Tahap utama, metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode elektrolisis sistem batch satu kompartemen dengan menggunakan elektroda perak sebagai katoda dan karbon sebagai anoda. Variasi yang digunakan pada proses elektrolisis adalah pH awal elektrolisis dari proses asidifikasi dan variasi kuat arus dari hasil uji polarisasi. Supernatan dari proses sentrifugasi dijadikan media pada proses elektrolisis untuk mendapatkan aluminium yang menempel pada katoda perak. Dari proses elektrolisis dilakukan analisis terhadap pH, kuat arus, nilai konduktivitas, dan banyaknya aluminium yang terecovery.
Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh karakteristik lumpur alum PDAM Surabaya unit drain clearator yaitu kadar air sebesar 99,08%; alkalinitas sebesar 70,83 mg/L HCO3; pH sebesar 7,47; COD sebesar 9666,67 mg O2/L; BOD5 sebesar 1082,47 mg O2/L; VS sebesar 1733,23 mg/L; TDS sebesar 352,76 mg/L; SVI sebesar 114,18 mg/L, Al sebesar 126.100 mg/kg; Fe sebesar 55.400 mg/kg; Cu sebesar 59 mg/kg; Cr sebesar 23 mg/kg; dan Si sebesar 205.600 mg/kg. pH optimum untuk recovery Al adalah pada pH 3 dengan persentase 96,86% dan kuat arus optimum untuk recovery Al adalah 300 mA.
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The disposal of sludge into the river without any preliminary proccess containing 47.5% Al2(SO4)3 often causing problems due to the accumulation of aluminum contained in the downstream of the river. The impact that can appear is the danger of aluminum toxicity can cause problem to human health for those who that use river water, and the life of river biota will be disrupted. Aluminum can be recovered from alum tin slurry using a simpler method. Thus the purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and chemical composition of PDAM sludge, to determine the optimum pH value for the separation of aluminum compound from sludge, and to determine the optimum electrolysis optimum current value for aluminum recovery from PDAM slurry.
This research carried out the process of aluminum recovery with acidification process followed by electrolysis. The preliminary stage consisted of alum sludge characterization test with parameters of water content, alkalinity, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Volatile Solids (VS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), and heavy metal content test of Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Pb. The next step is by performing the acidification process by adding sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to the pH 2, 3, and 4 variations with stirring and precipitation by centrifugation. The main step, the method that use in this research is batch system electrolysis with one compartment by using silver electrode as cathode and carbon as anode. Variations that used in the electrolysis process are the initial electrolysis pH of the acidification process and the strong variation of the current the polarization test results. The supernatant of the centrifugation process used as a media in the electrolysis process to obtain aluminum that attached to the silver cathode. From the electrolysis process the analysis carried out to analyze pH, current strength, conductivity value, and the amount of aluminum that recovered. The result of this research showed the characteristic of Aluminum Sludge of PDAM Surabaya Unit drain clearator that the water content was equal to 99,08%; alkalinity is 70.83 mg/L HCO3; pH was 7.47; COD was 9666.67 mg O2 / L; BOD5 was 1082.47 mg O2/ L; VS was 1733,23 mg/L; TDS was 352,76 mg/L; SVI was 114.18 mg/L, Al was 126.100 mg/kg; Fe was 55.400 mg/kg; Cu was 59 mg/kg; Cr was 23 mg/kg; and Si was 205,600 mg/kg. Optimum pH for Al recovery at pH 3 with 96.86% percentage and optimum current strength for Al recovery was 300 mA.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSL 628.36 Har k-1 3100018075849 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aluminum, acidification, alum sludge, aluminum recovery, electrolysis |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP255 Electrochemistry, Industrial. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Tyta Try Hardina |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Dec 2018 02:39 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Oct 2020 01:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/53302 |
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