Azhar, Badril and Aditya, Hanggoro Tri (2018) Studi Komparatif Metode Batchwise Solvent Extraction Dan Microwave Extraction Uuntuk Pemurnian Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung Dan Jarak Pagar. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Energi fosil merupakan energi tak tebarukan yang selama ini menjadi tumpuan penduduk seluruh dunia dalam kebutuhan energi mengakibatkan jumlahnya semakin menipis dari waktu ke waktu sehingga dibutuhkan pengembangan pada jenis energi terbarukan, salah satunya biodiesel. Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar dari minyak nabati yang biaya produksinya secara keseluruhan dipengaruhi oleh bahan baku sehingga diperlukan metode yang tepat dalam pemurnian bahan baku biodiesel. Adapun dalam pemilihan metode, hal terpenting adalah bagaimana meningkatkan kadar trigliserida (TG) dan menurunkan kadar free fatty acid (FFA) dalam minyak. Selama ini, metode Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE) berhasil memisahkan senyawa trigliserida dengan kadar yang tinggi. Akan tetapi, metode ini membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan komparasi efektifitas metode BSE dan Microwave Extraction (ME) dalam pemurnian minyak. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu crude minyak nyamplung dan jarak pagar dengan campuran pelarut petroleum eter (PE) dan metanol. Rasio pelarut terhadap minyak 5:1 (g/g), dan rasio pelarut PE-metanol 3:1 (g/g). Pada metode BSE dilakukan pencucian sebanyak 10 stages. Pada metode ME, panjang gelombang yang digunakan 2,45 Hz dengan variabel daya 150; 300; 450; 600 Watt dan waktu 30; 60; 90 menit. Hasil yang didapatkan kemudian dilakukan analisa Thin Layer Chromatography dan Gas Chromatography. Didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimal metode BSE tercapai pada stage ke-9. Pada minyak nyamplung, kadar TG meningkat dari 75,99% menjadi 94,67% dan kadar FFA menurun dari 11,23% menjadi 0,63 % dalam waktu 139 jam sedangkan pada minyak jarak pagar kadar TG meningkat dari 73,02% menjadi 95,94% dan kadar FFA menurun dari 11,89% menjadi 0,32 % dalam waktu 144 jam. Kondisi optimal metode ME tercapai pada daya 450 watt dalam waktu 30 menit. Pada minyak nyamplung, kadar TG meningkat dari 75,99% menjadi 83,46% dan kadar FFA menurun dari 11,23% menjadi 7,50% sedangkan pada minyak jarak pagar kadar TG meningkat dari 73,02% menjadi 80,53% dan kadar FFA menurun dari 11,89% menjadi 11,65%.
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Fossil energy is a non-renewable energy that has been the foundation of the world's population in energy needs resulting in a depletion over time so that the development of renewable energy is needed, one of which is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a fuel from vegetable oil which overall production costs are influenced by raw materials so that the right method is needed in refining biodiesel raw materials. As for the selection of methods, the most important thing is how to increase triglyceride (TG) levels and reduce levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in oil. So far, the Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE) method has succeeded in separating high levels of triglyceride compounds. However, this method takes a long time. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the BSE method and Microwave Extraction (ME) in oil purification. The variables used were crude nyamplung oil and jatropha with a mixture of petroleum ether (PE) and methanol solvents. Solvent to oil ratio of 5: 1 (g / g), and PE-methanol 3: 1 solvent ratio (g / g). In the BSE method there were 10 stages of washing. In the ME method, the wavelength used was 2.45 Hz with power variables of 150; 300; 450; 600 Watts and 30 times; 60; 90 minutes. The results obtained were then analyzed for Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography. It was concluded that the optimal condition of the BSE method was reached in the 9th stage. In nyamplung oil, TG levels increased from 75.99% to 94.67% and FFA levels decreased from 11.23% to 0.63% in 139 hours while in jatropha oil TG levels increased from 73.02% to 95 94% and FFA levels decreased from 11.89% to 0.32% within 144 hours. The optimal condition of the ME method was reached at 450 watts in 30 minutes. In nyamplung oil, TG levels increased from 75.99% to 83.46% and FFA levels decreased from 11.23% to 7.50% while in jatropha oil TG levels increased from 73.02% to 80.53% and FFA levels decreased from 11.89% to 11.65%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Badril Azhar |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Jun 2021 07:31 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Jun 2021 07:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/54335 |
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